Skip to main content

Graft co-polymerization to cellulose and its derivatives

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Fortschritte der Hochpolymeren-Forschung

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 4/2))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

V. Bibliography

  1. Carlin, R. B., and N. Shakespeare: The polymerization of p-chlorostyrene in the presence of polymethyl acrylate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, 876 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ushakov, S. N.: Copolymerization of unsaturated cellulose derivatives. Fiz.-Mat. Nauk 1, 35 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Waltcher, I., R. Burroughs Jr., and E. C. Jahn: Grafting to cellulose. International congress of pure and applied chemistry, Stockholm, 1953. Burroughs jr., R.: The preparation and characterization of a cellulose polystyrene graft polymer. Thesis, State University College of Forestry, Syracuse, N. Y., 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Smets, G., and R. Hart: Block and graft copolymers. Fortschr. Hochpolm. Forsch. 2, 173–220 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kolesnikov, G. S., and Tseng Han-ming: Graft polymers. Uspekhi Khim. 31, 485, 1025 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Immergut, E. H., and H. Mark: Ăśber Pfropf-und Block-Mischpolymere aus synthetischen und natĂĽrlichen MakromolekĂĽlen. Makromol. Chem. 18/19, 322 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Schurz, J.: Graft copolymerization of cellulose. Ă–sterr. Papier Ztg. 64, (3), 7 (1958), and Ref. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gaylord, N. G.: Graft copolymers. Interchem. Rev. 15, 91 (1957), published by Interchemical Corporation, New York.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Mark, H., and E. H. Immergut: Graft and block copolymers of cellulose. Proc. 1st Cellulose Conference, Syracuse, N. Y., 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schwab, E., V. Stannett, and J. J. Hermans: Grafting onto cellulose and cellulose fibers. Tappi 44, 251 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Burlant, W. J., and A. S. Hoffman: Block and graft polymers. New York: Reinhold 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Stannett, V.: Grafting to cellulose and its derivatives. Tappi 47, 85 A (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ceresa, R. J.: Block and graft copolymers. London: Butterworth 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hermans, J. J.: Chemical mechanisms in the grafting of cellulose. Pure and Appl. Chem. 5, 147 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Schurz, J.: Prof-Mischpolymerisation der Cellulose. Das Papier 16, 525 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Staudinger, H., W. Dohle, and O. Heick: Topochemische Reaktionen der Cellulose. J. prakt. Chem. 161, 191 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. — —Über Inklusionscellulosen. J. prakt. Chem.161, 219 (1942); Makromol. Chem. 9, 188 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Illingworth, J. W.: Post-advanced course in textile chemistry, Manchester College of Technology, 1942–43; cf. G. Landells and C. S. Whewell: J. Soc. Dyers & Colorists 67, 338 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hanford, W. E., and J. R. Roland, assigned to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company: Reaction of polymeric materials with ethylene, U. S. 2, 542, 771 (February 20, 1951).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hagemeyer, H. J., and E. L. Oglesby, assigned to Eastman Kodak Company: Graft copolymers of acrylonitrile and other ethenoid monomer with a hydroxyl-containing cellulose derivative and their preparation. U. S. 2, 865, 872 (December 23, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Trostyanskaya, E. B., A. S. Tevlina, and I. P. Losev: Polymerization of monomers in swelling copolymers. Vysokomol. Soedin. 2, 1413 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zaidan-Hojin Japan Radiation High Polymer Research Association: Grafting on Cellulose, Japan. Pat. 3300 ('62); June 1, 1962; C. A. 58, 11, 544 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.: Rayon Methyl Methacrylate Graft Copolymer, Japan. Pat. 7877 ('63), June 3, 1963; C. A. 59, 8, 928 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lynch, L. W.: High-strength cellulosic materials through internal polymerization. Tappi 46, 480 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chaudhuri, D. K. R., and J. J. Hermans: Grafting onto cellulosic macromolecules through chain transfer to mercaptoethyl side chains. I. Experimental procedure and results. J. Polymer Sci. 48, 159 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Searles Jr., S., and E. F. Lutz: A new synthesis of small ring cyclic sulfides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 3168 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chaudhuri, D. K. R., and J. J. Hermans: Grafting onto cellulosic macromolecules through chain transfer to mercaptoethyl side chains. II. Mechanism of the process. J. Polymer. Sci. 51, 373 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fox, T. G., M. S. Gluckman, F. Gornick, R. K. Graham, and S. Gratch: Graft copolymers from polymers having pendant mercaptan groups. I. Kinetic considerations. J. Polymer Sci. 37, 397 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Machell, G., and G. N. Richards: Methyl glucosides as transfer agents in polymerization of acrylonitrile and styrene. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1961 (647), 3308.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Richards, G. N.: Graft copolymerization on cellulose derivatives by the transfer reaction. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 5, 558 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kolthoff, I. M., and I. K. Miller: The chemistry of persulfate. III. The reaction of persulfate with mercaptan solubilized in sodium laurate solutions in the presence of unsaturated compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74, 4419 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Marie, C., and L. J. Bunel: Sur le dosage des persulfates. Bull. Soc. Chim. France (3) 29, 930 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kolthoff, I. M., E. J. Meehan, and E. M. Carr: Mechanism of initiation of emulsion polymerization by persulphate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75, 1439 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Bartlett, P. D., and K. Nozaki: Polymerization of allyl compounds. IV. Emulsion polymerization of allyl acetate. J. Polymer Sci. 3, 216 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hermans, J. J.: Chemical mechanisms in the grafting of cellulose. Pure and Appl. Chem. 5, 154/55 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Charlton, W., S. G. Jarrett, and e. E. Walker, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.: Treatment of Paper or Textile Fabrics, Brit. Pat. 572,959 (October 31, 1945).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.: Acrylonitrile Polymerisation Products, Brit. Pat. 715,194 (September 8, 1954). Polymerisation Process, Brit. Pat. 733,093 (July 6, 1955).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Haydel, C. H., H. J. Janssen, J. F. Seal, H. L. E. Vix, and E. A. Gastrock: Vapor phase method for preparation of polyacrylonitrile coated cotton yarn and physical properties of the product. Textile Res. J. 27, 975 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Maeda, H., K. Obuchi, I. Yoshitake, and Y. Yamamoto, Japan Rayon Co., Ltd.: Grafting on Rayon, Japan. Pat. 22 490 ('63) (October 23, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Sankalia, S. M., D. K. R. Chaudhuri, and J. J. Hermans: Studies on the mechanism of persulphate-initiated grafting onto cellulose. Can. J. Chem. 40, 2249 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lipson, M., and J. B. Speakman: Formation of polymers in textile fibers. Nature 157, 590 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. — —, Use of polymers to immunize wool against acid dyes. Nature157, 736 (1946).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Baird, W., J. B. Owen, and A. Parkinson, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.: Polymerisation in or on cellulosic materials of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Brit. Pat. 939,607 (October 16, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Bridgeford, D. J.: Catalytic deposition and grafting of olefin polymers into cellulosic materials. Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Develop. 1, 45 (1962). Polymer deposition and grafting — Controled site initiation. Tappi 46, 673 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Chitale, A. G., and A. Y. Kulkarni: Some properties of cotton fabrics containing deposits of vinyl polymers. J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India) 20 D, 223 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kulkarni, A. Y., A. G. Chitale, B. K. Vaidya, and P. C. Mehta: Grafting of polyacrylonitrile in cotton fabrics. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 7, 1581 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. —, and P. C. Mehta: Studies in cellulose-polyacrylonitrile grafts. J. Polymer Sci. Pt. B 1, 509 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Haber, F., and J. Weiss: The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron salts. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A 147, 332 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kolthoff, I. M., and E. P. Parry: Catalytic polarographic waves of hydrogen peroxide: I. The kinetic wave for the ferric iron-hydrogen peroxide system. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 3718 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Baxendale, J. H., M. G. Evans, and G. S. Park: The mechanism and kinetics of the initiation of polymerization by systems containing hydrogen peroxide. Trans. Faraday Soc. 42, 155 (1946).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kolthoff, I. M., and A. I. Medalia: Reaction between ferrous iron and peroxides. I. Reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the absence of oxygen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 3777 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hermans, J. J.: Chemical mechanisms in the grafting of cellulose. Pure and Appl. Chem. 5, 155/56 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Landells, G., and C. S. Whewell: Preparation and properties of regenerated cellulose containing vinyl polymers. I. Internal deposition of polymers. J. Soc. Dyers Colourists 67, 338 (1951). II. Staining, swelling, and stiffness characteristics. J. Soc. Dyers Colorists 71, 171 (1955). III. Moisture relations. J. Soc. Dyers Colorists 73, 496 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Richards, G. N.: Initiation of graft polymerization on cellulose by hydroxyl radicals and by ceric salts. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 5, 539 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Glaudemans, C. P. J., and E. Passaglia: Method for the investigation of carbohydrate graft copolymers. J. Polymer Sci. C 2, 189 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Mino, G., S. Kaizerman, and E. Rasmussen: Oxidation of pinacol by ceric sulfate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 1494 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. : The polymerization of acrylamide initiated by ceric nitrate-3-chloro-1-propanol redox systems. J. Polymer Sci. 38, 393 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Katai, A. A., V. K. Kulshrestha, and R. H. Marchessault: Ceric-ion-initiated polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of alcohols. J. Polymer Sci. C No. 2, 403 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hermans, J. J.: Chemical mechanisms in the grafting of cellulose. Pure and Appl. Chem. 5, 158 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Mino, G., and S. Kaizerman, American Cyanamid Company: Process for polymerization of a vinylidene monomer in the presence of a ceric salt and an organic reducing agent. U. S. 2,922,768 (January 26, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Segro, N. R., and J. H. Daniel, American Cyanamid Company: Graft polymerization of certain esters of acrylic acid with cellulose substrate. U. S. 2,955,015 (October 4, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Moore, S. T., American Cyanamid Company: Pellicules de cellulose regeneree non fibreuse modifiees par de revetements des polymeres vinyliques. French Pat. 1,221,901 (June 7, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Salsbury, J. M., S. Kaizerman, and G. Mino, American Cyanamid Company: Graft polymerization process, U. S. 3,046,078 (July 24, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  64. American Cyanamid Company: Process for producing cellulosic products. Brit. Pat. 884,805 (December 20, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Segro, N. R., and W. Hodes, American Cyanamid Company: Thermoplastic composition comprising a styrene polymer and a graft copolymer. U. S. 3,044,972 (July 17, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Mino, G., and S. Kaizerman: A new method for the preparation of graft copolymers. Polymerization initiated by ceric ion redox systems. J. Polymer Sci. 31, 242 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Kaizerman, S., G. Mino, and L. F. Meinhold: The polymerization of vinyl monomers in cellulosic fibers. Textile Research J. 32, 136 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Daniel, J. H., S. T. Moore, and N. R. Segro: Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile on cellulose. Tappi 45, 53 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Richards, G. N.: Initiation of graft polymerization on cellulose by hydroxyl radicals and by ceric salts. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 5, 539 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Richards, G. N., and E. F. T. White: Graft polymerization on cellulosic materials. Part I. Cation-exchange membranes from paper and acrylic acid. J. Polymer Sci. C. No. 4, 1251 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Schwab, E., V. Stannett, D. H. Rakowitz, and J. K. Magrane: Paper grafted with vinyl monomers using the ceric ion method. Tappi 45, 390 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Yasuda, H., J. A. Wray, and V. Stannett: Preparation and characterization of some cellulose graft copolymers — Part I. J. Polymer Sci. C No. 2, 387 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Guzman, G. M.: Graft reactions of vinyl monomers to cellulose, initiated by ceric ions. Anales Real Soc. Espan. Fiz. Quim. Ser. B 58, 193 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Kamogawa, H., and T. Sekiya: Graft polymerization of acrylamide onto cotton fabric for further treatments. Textile Res. J. 31, 585 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Terasaki, I., and M. Matsuki: Studies on the oxidation of cellulose by ceric salt and graft polymerization. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan) 18, 147 (1962); C. A. 56, 14 505 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Ide, F., and Y. Takayama: Graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate on cellulose. J. Chem. Soc. (Japan) Ind. Sec., 64, 213 (1961); C. A. 57, 3 622 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Ide, F.: Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate on cellulose. J. Chem. Soc. (Japan) Ind. Sec. 64, 925 (1961); C. A. 57, 4 862 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. —Molecular weight of polymethyl methacrylate in cellulose-methyl methoacrylate graft copolymers. J. Chem. Soc. (Japan) Ind. Sec.64, 1489 (1961); C. A. 57, 4 862 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. —Vinyl polymers. X. Graft polymerization of methyl acrylate and acrylonitrile on cellulose. J. Chem. Soc. (Japan) Ind. Sec.65, 82 (1962); C. A. 57, 10 030 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Simionescu, C., D. Feldman, and C. Vasilui: Untersuchungen ĂĽber die Pfropfung von Carboxymethylcellulose mit Acrylnitril. Faserforsch. Textiltechn. 13, 70 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Guthrie, F. K.: Bonding in ceric-ion intiated graft polymers of polyvinyl chloride on cellulose. Tappi 46, 656 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Yoshitake, I., and S. Obuchi: The change in fine structure of rayon by grafting of methyl acrylate. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan) 19, 540 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Iwai, S., T. Kakurai, and T. Noguchi: Studies on acrylonitrile-styrene graft copolymerization onto cellulose by ceric salt. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan) 19, 547 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Cruz, M. M., Assigned to American Viscose Corporation: Graft copolymers of aggregates of cellulose crystallites. Belg. Pat. 617,057 (May 1962); C. A. 58, 1602 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Ashahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.: Acrylonitrile polymerization or graft copolymerization in viscose fibers. Japan Pat. 17,894 (1963), C. A. 60, 3154 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Borunsky, J., assigned to Polymer Corporation Ltd.: Grafting polymerizable compounds onto pre-formed naturally occurring polymers. Can. Pat. 549,110 (November 19, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Kargin, V. A., Kh. U. Usmanov, and B. I. Aikhodzhaev: The formation of graft polymers by ozonization of cellulose. Vyskomolekul. Soedin. 1, No. 1 149–151 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Usmanov, K. U., B. I. Aikhodzhaev, and U. Azizov: Modification of the properties of cellulose by means of grafting. Mezkdunarod. Simpozium po Makromol. Chim., Doklady, Moscow 1960, Sektsiya 3, 344; cf. J. Polymer Sci. 53, 87 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Landler, Y., and P. Lebel, assigned to Polyplastic, Paris: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pfropfmischpolymeren. Deutsches Patent 1 100 286 (February 23, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Vasiliu, C., D. Feldman, and C. Simionescu: Die Pfropfung von Polyacrylnitril auf Cellulose. Faserforsch. Textiltechn. 14, 63 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Pikler, A., S. Suta, and A. Alfoldi: Preparation of graft copolymers from regenerated cellulose. Sb. Prac. Chem. Fak. SVST (Sloven. Vysokej Skoly Tech.) 1962 (2), 123; C. A. 59, 12 965 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  92. Alfoldi, J., and M. Pasteka: Grafting of cellulose acetate with styrene. Chemicky prumysl 13 No. 10, 554 (1963); C. A. 60, 7017 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Korshak, V. V., K. K. Mozgova, M. A. Shkolina, R. V. Uzina, and T. V. Ionova: Graft copolymers. Vysokomolekul. Soedin. 5, 338 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Raskin, Y. L., R. M. Livshits, and A. A. Berlin: Preparation of graft copolymers of nitrocellulose and investigation of their film-forming properties. Lakokrasochnye Materialy i ikh Primenenie 1960 (4), 6; C. A. 55, 25 341 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Gleason, E., and V. Stannett: Oxidation and grafting of benzyl and ethyl cellulose. J. Polymer Sci. 44, 183 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Hagen, D., F. Münzel, and H. Krässig: Results of an investigation in progress at Inrescor. Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Criegee, R.: Die oxydative Spaltung der C—C-Bindung. Angew. Chem. 50, No. 8, 153–172 (1937).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Waters, W. A.: Evidence for the dehydrogenation theory of oxidation. Trans. Faraday Soc. 42, 184–190 (1946).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Toda, T.: Graft copolymerization to cellulose by sodium periodate. J. Polymer Sci. 58, 411 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Morimoto, S., K. Okada, T. Okada, and K. Nakagawa; assigned to Toyo Spinning Co., Ltd.: Grafting vinyl monomers onto cellulose. Japan. Pat. 2500 ('62), C. A. 58, 11 516 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  101. Sturzenhofecker, F.: Chemische Werke HĂĽls AG. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pfropfpolymeren. Ger. Pat. 1,132,724 (January 17, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Watanabe, M., H. Shirouchi, and T. Hosaka (assignors to Toyo Rayon Co. Ltd.): Graft copolymers. Japan 17 634/61 (September 28, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Akiyama, Y. (assignor to Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.): Rayon-methyl methacrylate graft copolymer. Japan 7877/63 (June 3, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  104. Morimoto, S., and Y. Kobayashi; assigned to Toyo Spinning Co., Ltd.: Styrene-grafted rayon filaments. Japan. Pat. 20737 (63) (October 7, 1963); C. A. 60, 3 155 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  105. Richards, G. N.: Diazonium derivatives of cellulose as initiators of graft copolymerization. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 5, 553 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Rogovin, Z. A., T'ung Sun, A. D. Virnik, and N. M. Khvostenko: CIV. Synthesis of new cellulose and other polysaccharide derivatives. 19. Synthesis of cellulose and carbon-chain graft copolymer withour simultaneous formation of homopolymers. Vysokomolekul. Soedin. 4, 571 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Goodman, M., and C. Horowitz: Chemical graft polymerization. Quantitative analysis of the cellulose acetate-vinyl monomer system. Paper presented at I.U.P.A.C. Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Berlin, A. A., and T. A. Makarova: Chemistry and technology of synthetic high polymers. II. Preparation and polymerization of acetomethycrylic esters of cellulose. Zhur. Obshchei Khim. (J. Gen. Chem.) 21, 1267 (1951); C. A. 46, 1 996 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Regie Nationale des Usines Renault: Preparation d'allyl cellulose chimiquement reactive. French Pat. 1,128,033 (August 20, 1956).

    Google Scholar 

  110. Regie Nationale des Usines Renault: Obtention de produits cellulosiques greffes par les monomers insatures et produits obtenus. French Pat. 1,211,629 (March 17, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  111. Regie Nationale des Usines Renault: Derives oxygenes de la cellulose. French Pat. 1,222,453 (June 10, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  112. Legache, M., M. Chateau et J. Pomey (Regie Nationale des Usines Renault): Greffage-pontage de l'allylcellulose par les monomeres vinyliques. Compt. Rend. 251, 2353 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  113. Faraone, G., G. Parasacco, and C. Cogrossi: Grafting on cellulose acetate. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 5, No. 13, 16 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Blagonravova, A. A., I. A. Pronina, and I. I. Bondarevskaya: Preparation of graft copolymers from cellulose estesrs and isocyanates. Lakokrasochnye Materialy i ikh Primenenie 1962, Nr. 2, 4; C. A. 57, 3 621 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  115. Sakurada, I., T. Okada, and E. Kugo: Radiation induced graft copolymerization to polyvinyl alcohol. “Large Radiation Sources in Industry”, Vol. I. 447 (1960). Int. Atom. Energy Agency Vienna, see also Isotopes and Radiation (Japan) 2, 296, 306, 316, 581 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  116. Chapiro, A., and V. Stannett: Direct grafting onto hydrophilic polymers. Int. J. Appl. Rad. and Isot. 8, 164 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Usmanov, K. U., B. I. Aikhodzahaev, and U. O. Azizov: Modification of the properties of cellulose by means of grafting. Vysokomolekul. Soedin 1, 1630 (1959); J. Polymer Sci. 53, 87 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Arthur, J. C., R. S. Demint, W. F. McSherry, and J. F. Juegens: Radiation polymerization of acrylonitrile onto cotton. Text. Res. J. 29, 759 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. —, and R. J. Demint: Properties of cotton containing radiation-polymerized acrylonitrile. Text. Res. J. 30, 505 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. — —Graft polymers of cotton cellulose and acrylonitrile initiated by radiation. Text. Res. J.31, 988 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Demint, R. J., J. C. Arthur, A. R. Markezich, and W. F. McSherry: Radiation-induced interaction of styrene with cotton. Text. Res. J. 32, 918 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Staudinger, H., and T. Eicher: On the swelling of cellulose, and the inclusion of cellulose with fatty acids of low molecular weight. Makromol. Chem. 10, 254 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Krässig, H., and E. Schrott: The Influence of inclusion on the reactivity of non-cross linked and cross-linked rayon. Makromol. Chem. 13, 179 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Huang, R. Y. M., B. Immergut, E. H. Immergut, and W. H. Rapson: Grafting vinyl polymers onto cellulose by high energy radiation. I. High energy radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene onto cellulose. J. Polymer Sci. A 1, 257 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  125. Armstrong, A. A., and H. A. Rutherford: A vapor phase technique for radiation-induced grafting of vinyl monomers to fibers. Text. Res. J. 33, 264 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Chapiro, A.: Radiation chemistry of polymeric systems. New York: Interscience Publishers 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Yasuda, H., J. A. Wray, and V. Stannett: Preparation and characterization of some cellulose graft copolymers. Part I. Polymer Sci. C 2, 387 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Stannett, V., J. D. Wellons, and H. Yasuda: Preparation and characterization of some cellulose graft copolymers. Part II. J. Polymer Sci. C 4, 551 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Wellons, J. D., A. Schindler, and V. Stannett: Molecular weight distributions of the side chains of radiation initiated graft copolymers. Polymer 5, 499 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. —, and V. Stannett: Preparation and characterization of some cellulose graft copolymers. Part III. The role of concurrent degradation during radiation grafting. J. Polymer Sci. A 3, 847 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Florin, R. E., and L. A. Wall: Electron spin resonance of gamma-irradiated cellulose. J. Polymer Sci. A 1, 1163 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  132. Ayrey, G., and D. T. Turner: Radiolysis of polyisobutene. Part 4. A study of the role of free radicals in the fraction reaction using radioactive additives. Polymer 5, 589 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Hayakawa, K., K. Pin, K. Kawase, and T. Matsuda: Gamma ray induced graft copolymerization. VII. The composition of celluse acetate-styrene grafted fibers. Chem. high polymers (Japan) 20, 540 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Sumitomo, H., S. Takamaku, and Y. Hachilama: Graft polymerization of styrene to cellulose acetate by the irradiation of ionization radiation. J. Chem. Soc. Japan, Ind. Sec. 66, 269 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Sobue, H., K. Matsuzaki, H. Komagata, and A. Ishida: Grafting of styrene on cellulose acetate films. J. Polymer Sci. C 2, 415 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Huang, R., and W. H. Rapson: Grafting polymers onto cellulose by high energy radiation. II. Effect of swelling on the gamma-ray induced direct radiation grafting of styrene onto cotton. J. Polymer Sci. C 2, 169 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Rapson, W. H., and E. Kvasnicka: Grafting mixtures of vinyl monomers onto cellulose. Tappi 46, 662 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Okamura, S., T. Iwasaki, Y. Kobayashi, and K. Hayashi: Gamma-ray initiated graft copolymerization on the surface of nylon fibers and in the inner layers of cellulosic fibers. Large Radiation Sources in Ind., Proc. Conf., Warsaw, 1959, 1, 459.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Geacintov, N., V. Stannett, and E. W. Abrahamson: The photo-initiated grafting of vinyl monomers to cellulose and other polymers using anthraquinone vat dyes. Makromol. Chem. 36, 52 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. — — —, and J. J. Hermans: Grafting onto cellulose and cellulose derivatives by using ultraviolet irradiation. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 3, 54 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Sakurada, I., T. Okasa, Hatakeyama, and F. Kimura: Radiation-induced graft copolymerization onto cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol fibers with binary mixtures of comonomers. J. Polymer Sci. C 4, 1233 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Kesting, R. E., and V. Stannett: The pre-irradiation grafting of styrene onto cotton cellulose using gamma rays. Makromol. Chem. 55, 1 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Odian, G., A. Rossi, E. Ratchik, and T. Acker: Monomer reactivities in radiation-induced graft copolymerization. J. Polymer Sci. 54, S11 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. —, T. Acker, A. Rossi, and E. Ratchik: Monomer reactivities in radiation-induced graft copolymerization, Part II. Graft copolymerization to teflon. J. Polymer Sci. 57, 661 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Sakurada, I., and Y. Sakaqueki: Graft polymerization of styrene to dry cotton fabric induced by gamma radiation. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan) 18, 9191 (1962). See also Sakurada, I., and Y. Sakaguchi, Ibid, 18, 834, 838, 924 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  146. Araki, K., M. Ichino, and T. Hoshino: Radiation induced grafting onto cellulose (dry state grafting). Ann. Rep. Japan Assoc. Radiat. Research on Polymers 2, 465 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  147. Arifov, U. A., G. A. Klein, A. N. Filizpov, N. Y. Amirova, G. A. Adikhodzhaeva, G. S. Okun, and L. K. Osipova: Radiation graft copolymerization of natural silk, kapron and viscose. Invest. Akad. Nauk. Usbek. S.S.R., Ser. Fiz.-Mat. Nauk. 1960, No. 4, 59.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Demint, R. J., J. C. Arthur, and W. F. McSherry: Radiation-induced interaction of acrylonitrile with cyanoethylated cotton. Text. Res. J. 31, 821 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Armstrong, A. A., and H. A. Rutherford: Modification of textile fiber properties by radiation-induced graft polymerization. U.S.A.E.C. Publications T.I.D.-7643, 268-99 (1962) and NCSC 2477-11, October 31, 1963. Radiation induced graft polymerization of vinyl monomers and fibrous polymers, Industrial uses of large radiation sources. Vol. I. p. 257. I.A.E.A. Vienna 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Suzuki, I., and S. Ogawa: Effect of addition of cations on the simultaneous grafting of styrene to rayon by gamma-irradiation. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 7, 2067 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Kobayashi, Y.: Gamma-ray induced graft copolymerization of styrene onto cellulose and some chemical properties of the grafted polymer. J. Polymer Sci. 51, 359 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Mock, R. A., and W. N. Vanderkooi: Kinetics of mutual radiation grafting of styrene onto ethyl cellulose film. J. Polymer Sci. 56, 69 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Vanderkooi, W. N., M. W. Long, and R. A. Mock: The concentration-dependent diffusion of styrene in ethyle cellulose. J. Polymer Sci. 56, 57 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Armstrong, A. A.: Diffusion and kinetics in radiation-induced graft polymerization. U.S.A.E.C. Publication TID 7643 300–318 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  155. Oster, G.: Improvements in the grafting of monomers to hydrogen-containing high polymeric materials. Brit. Pat. 856,884 (Dec. 21, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  156. Kargin, V. A., and N. A. Plate: Polymerization and grafting processes on freshly formed surfaces. J. Polymer Sci. 52, 155 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Akutin, M. S., N. Ya. Parlashkevich, I. N. Kogan, S. P. Kalinina, and L. I. Menes: Application of ultrasonics in the preparation of block and graft copolymers. Primenen. Ul'traakustiki k Issledovan. Veshchestva 1960, No. 10, 47; C. A. 56, 13 085 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  158. Deters, W., and D. C. Huang: Mechanochemische Darstellung von Block-und Pfropfpolymeren aus Cellulosetriacetat und Vinylchlorid durch Schwingmahlung. Faserforsch. Textiltechn. 14, 183 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Akutin, M. S., N. Y. Parlashkevich, L. I. Menes, I. N. Kogan, V. V. Rubinshtein, and V. N. Kotrelev: Block and graft polymers. U.S.S.R. 127'392, March 25, 1960; C. A. 54, 21 851 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  160. — — I. N. Kogan, V. V. Rubinshtein, and R. N. Gribkova: Preparation of block and graft polymers by means of electrical discharge in a liquid. Plasticheskie Massy 1960, No. 6, 2; C. A. 55, 7 902 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  161. — — — — Possibility of producing block and graft copolymers with an arc discharge. Primenenie Ul'traakust. k Issled. Veshchestva 1960, No. 12, 1225; C. A. 58, 586 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  162. Epstein, J. A., and A. Bar-Nun: Electrochemical grafting of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose. J. Polymer Sci. B 2, 27 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. Zilkha, A., B. A. Feit, and A. Bar-Nun: Anionic graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers on natural polyhydroxy compounds, their derivatives, and on synthetic polyhydroxy polymers. Israeli Pat. 15'962, Oct. 1962; C. A. 58, 5803 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  164. Schwenker, R. F., and E. Pacsu: Graft polymerization onto cellulose; reactions of sodium cellulosate and alkali cellulose with vinyl monomers. Tappi 46, 665 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Akiyama, H., assigned to Asahi Chemical Industries Ltd.: Grafting on polymers containing hydroxyl groups. Japan. Pat. 11'237 ('62) (August 16, 1962) C. A. 59, 1 813 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  166. Akiyama, Y., and K. Madai, assigned to Asahi Chemical Industries Ltd.: Vinyl or vinylidene graft and block copolymers. Japan. Pat. 10'936 ('62) (August 13, 1962) C. A. 59, 5 283 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  167. Micheel, F.: Synthetische Kohlenhydrat-Eiweißverbindungen. J. Polymer Sci. 12, 577–581 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. —, and J. Ewers: Synthese von Verbindungen der Cellulose mit Eiweißstoffen. Makromol. Chem. 3, No. 2/3, 200–209 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Micheel, F., u. H. Alfes: Synthese von Polysacchariden aus d-Glucose und d-Glucuronsäure und ihre Kondensation mit Protein. Makromol. Chem. 48, 33–38 (1961), 39–49 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Rogovin, Z. A., and U. Zhun-Zhui: Structure and properties of cellulose and its esters. LXXXV. Synthesis of new derivatives of cellulose and other polysaccharides. IV. Synthesis of graft copolymers of carboxymethyl cellulose and caprolactam. Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya 1, 1630 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. —, V. A. Derevitskaya, S. T'ung, W. K. Change, and L. S. Gal'braikh: The synthesis of some new cellulose and other polysaccharide derivatives. Mezhdunarod. Simpozium po Makromol. Khim. Dodlady, Moscow 1960, Sektsiya 3, 302; C. A. 55, 8 301 (1961); J. Polymer Sci. 53, 117 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  172. —Modifying the properties of cellulose. Periodica polytech.5, No. 2, 65 (1961); C. A. 56, 7 543 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. —New methods of modifying the properties of cellulose. J. Polymer Sci.48, 443–456 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. Daul, G. C., R. M. Reinhardt, and J. D. Reid: The reaction of cotton with β-propiolactone in the presence of organic solvents: I. Purified cotton. Textile Res. J. 24, No. 8, 738–743 (1954). II. Raw cotton Ibid 744–747 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Cooper, W., and R. K. Smith: Pfropfpolymere aus Cellulose und Aethylenimin. Makromol. Chem. 40, 148 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Champetier, G., and F. Hennequin-Lucas: Action du sulfure d'ethylene et du sulfure de propylene sur la cellulose. Compt. rend. 252, 2785–2790 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Ende, H. A., and V. Stannett: Density gradient centrifugation of a graft copolymer. J. Polymer Sci. A 2, 4047 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  178. Hermans, J. J.: Discussion at fourth cellulose conference. J. Polymer Sci. C 2, 196 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  179. Krässig, H. A.: Observations connected with the radiation induced grafting of polymers onto cellulose. Tappi 46, 654 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  180. Kesting, R. E., and V. Stannett: The grafting of styrene to cellulose by mutual and reirradiation techniques. Makromol. Chem. 65, 248 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Nakahara, Y.: Dyeing of cuprammonium staple fiber grafted with glycidyl methacrylate. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan) 20, 319 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Arthur, J. C., A. R. Markezich, and W. F. McSherry: Thermal stress behavior of radiation induced graft polymers of cotton. Text. Res. J. 33, 896 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Wellons, J. D., and V. Stannett: Some properties of isolated graft copolymers of cellulose acetate and styrene. Polymer preprint A.C.S. Meeting, Detroit, Michigan: April 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Usmanov, K. U., and U. Azizov: Proprietes des copolymeres obtenus par le greffage de monomeres vinyliques sur la cellulose. J. Polymer Sci. C 4, 579 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. Yoshirake, I., S. Obuchi, T. Tsuneda, and H. Maeda: The change in fine structure of rayon by grafting of methyl acrylate. Part I. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan) 19, 540 (1963); Part II. Ibid 20, 412 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  186. Shirakashi, K., K. Ishikawa, and K. Miyasaka: The fine structure of cellulose on cellulose-polymethyl methacrylate copolymerization, Part I. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan) 19, 178 (1963); Part II. Ibid 19, 182 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  187. — — —Dynamic properties of cellulose-polymethacrylate graft copolymers. J. Soc. Text. and Cell. Ind. (Japan)20, 387 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Putnam, E. S.: Polymerization within cellulosic matrices. Nature of the strength reinforcement. J. Polymer Sci. C 2, 377 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1965 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Krässig, H.A., Stannett, V. (1965). Graft co-polymerization to cellulose and its derivatives. In: Cantow, HJ., et al. Fortschritte der Hochpolymeren-Forschung. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 4/2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0050990

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0050990

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-03246-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-37127-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics