Abstract
Many research efforts in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have focused on replacing rather than augmenting and empowering human beings. We have developed human-computer collaboration environments to demonstrate the power and the possibilities of Intelligence Augmentation (IA) with human-centered computational artifacts.
A focus on IA instead of AI requires different conceptual frameworks and different systems. Our theory is centered around shared representations of context and intent for understanding, mixed-initiative dialogs, management of trouble, and integration of working and learning. Our system building efforts exploit the unique properties of computational media rather than mimicking human capabilities. We have developed (i) specific system architectures including a multifaceted architecture characterizing the components of design environments, and a process architecture for the evolutionary development of such environments, (ii) specific modules such as critiquing systems, and (iii) a variety of design environments for specific application domains.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Billings, C. E. (1991). Human-Centered Aircraft Automation: A Concept and Guidelines. NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Technical Memorandum, No. 103885. Moffett Field, CA.
Bobrow, D. G. (1991). Dimensions of Interaction. AI Magazine. 64–80.
Carbonell, J. R. (1970). Mixed-Initiative Man-Computer Instructional Dialogues. BBN Report No. 1971.
Engelbart, D. C. and W. K. English (1968). A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect. Proceedings of the AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference. Washington, D.C., The Thompson Book Company. 395–410.
Fischer, G. (1991). Supporting Learning on Demand with Design Environments. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences 1991 (Evanston. IL). Charlottesville, VA, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. 165–172.
Fischer, G., J. Grudin, et al. (1992). Supporting Indirect, Collaborative Design with Integrated Knowledge-Based Design Environments. Human Computer Interaction. Special Issue on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. 281–314.
Fischer, G. and A. C. Lemke (1988). Construction Kits and Design Environments: Steps Toward Human Problem-Domain Communication. Human-Computer Interaction. 179–222.
Fischer, G., A. C. Lemke, et al. (1991). The Role of Critiquing in Cooperative Problem Solving. ACM Transactions on Information Systems. 123–151.
Fischer, G., R. McCall, et al. (1994). Seeding, Evolutionary Growth and Reseeding: Supporting Incremental Development of Design Environments. Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI'94 Conference Proceedings (Boston, MA). 292–298.
Fischer, G., K. Nakakoji, et al. (1993). Facilitating Collaborative Design through Representations of Context and Intent. Proceedings of AAAI-93 Workshop, AI in Collaborative Design (Washington DC). 293–312.
Fischer, G. and C. Stevens (1991). Information Access in Complex, Poorly Structured Information Spaces. Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'91 Conference Proceedings (New Orleans, LA). New York, 63–70.
Girgensohn, A. (1992). End-User Modifiability in Knowledge-Based Design Environments. Ph.D. Dissertation, TechReport CU-CS-595-92. University of Colorado. Boulder, CO.
Greenbaum, J. and M. Kyng (1991). Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Nakakoji, K. and G. Fischer (1995). Intertwining Knowledge Delivery and Elicitation: A Process Model for Human-Computer Collaboration in Design. Knowledge-Based Systems Journal. Vol. 8, Issue 2–3, 1995. 94–104
Norman, D. A. (1993). Things That Make Us Smart. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Garden City, NY, Doubleday.
Repenning, A. and T. Sumner (1992). Using Agentsheets to Create a Voice Dialog Design Environment. Proceedings of the 1992 ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. ACM Press. 1199–1207.
Schoen, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York, Basic Books.
Shipman, F. (1993). Supporting Knowledge-Base Evolution with Incremental Formalization. Ph.D. Dissertation, TechReport CU-CS-658-93. University of Colorado. Boulder, CO.
Suchman, L. A. (1987). Plans and Situated Actions. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.
Terveen, L. G. (1995). An Overivew of Human-Computer Collaboration. Knowledge-Based Systems Journal. Vol. 8, Issue 2–3, 1995
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fischer, G. (1995). Rethinking and reinventing Artificial Intelligence from the perspective of human-centered computational artifacts. In: Wainer, J., Carvalho, A. (eds) Advances in Artificial Intelligence. SBIA 1995. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 991. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0034793
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0034793
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-60436-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47467-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive