Abstract
This paper reviews the results of investigations into low-frequency mechanical and high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibration effects upon flowable polymeric systems, primarily, on molten commercial thermoplastics. We tried to systematize possible techniques to realize vibration in molding of polymers. Theoretical and experimental corroboration is provided for major effects obtained at cyclic (shear and bulk) strains of molten polymers and compositions based thereon. It is demonstrated that combined stress of polymeric media is attained under overlapping vibrations and this results in a decreased effective viscosity of the melts, a drop i the pressure required to extrude them through molding tools, increased critical velocities of unstable flow occurrence and a reduced load on the thrust elements of extruder screws.
Power consumption aspects have been critically analyzed to reveal that vibration effects in molding heads may reduce specific power consumption in extrusion machines, while simultaneously improving the quality of manufactured products.
The paper gives an overview of effects occurring or acoustic treatment of dissolved and molten polymers. Emphasis is made on acoustic cavitation discovered recently not only in low-viscous fluids but also in molten polymers. Major guidelines have been specified for practical utilization of acoustic treatment of flowable polymers in molding: intensification of extrusion processes, reduction in thickness of produced films, directed mechanical destruction, chemical “activation” of melts, etc. Efficiency of overlapping high-frequency vibrations in molding of molten thermoplastics is discussed in terms of power consumption.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
4 References
Fridman ML, Peshkovsky SL (1979) Plasticheskiye massy 7: 29
Azovskaya VA, Safonova IL (1981) Himicheskaya promyshlennost za rubezhom 8(224): 45
Mytzyl VA, Smirnova TN (1983) Himicheskaya promyshlennost za rubezhom 1(241): 1
Grozdova GV, Smirnova TN (1986) Himicheskaya promysh. za rubezhom 3(279): 1
Fridman ML (1988) Development of equipment for mixing of molten polymers, ZINTIhimheftemash, Moscow
Vinogradov GV et al. (1970) Inzhenerno-physichesky zhurnal 19: 377
Prokunin AN, Fridman ML, Vinogradov GV (1971), Mehanika polymerov 3: 497
Malkin A. Ya, Isayev AI, Vinogradov GV (1975) Mehanika polymerov 2: 306
Vinogradov GV, Fridman ML, Malkin AYa, Yarlikov BV (1970) Rheol. Acta 9: 323
Basov NI, Lubartovitch VA (1979) Vibromolding of polymers, Himiya, Leningrad
Myasnikov VP (1961) Zhurnal prikladnoy mehaniki i tehnicheskoy fisiky 5: 76
Gutkin AM (1961) Colloidny zhurnal 23: 20
Buchman YuA et al (1984) Thermal mass transfer 5(2): 17
Buchman YuA et al (1985) Inzh.-phys. zhurnal 49: 221
Schulman ZP, Zadvornyh VN, Litvinov AI (1987) Rheodynamics of nonlinearly viscoplastic fluids in circular channels with movable walls. Acad. of Sc. Bel. SSR, Minsk, Preprint 45: 51c
Schulman ZP (1975) Convective heat & mass transfer in rheologically complex fluids, Energiya, Moscow
Colleman BD, Noll WI (1959) J. Appl. Phys. 30: 1508
Fredrickson AG (1960) Chem. Engng. Sci. 11: 252
Tanner RI (1960) J. Mech. Engng. Sci. 2: 21
Savins IG, Wallick GS (1966) AIChE J. 12: 357
Bortnikov VG, Kuznetzov NV, Tyabin NV (1967) Plasticheskiye massy, 8: 49
Tyabin NV, Bortnikov VG, Vachagin KD (1968) Plasticheskiye massy 3: 351
Fridman ML (1970) Rheological properties and high-speed extrusion of polypropylene. Summary of the thesis, INHS, Ac. Sci. USSR, Moscow
Prokunin AN, Fridman ML, Vinogradov GV (1971) Mehanika polymerov 3: 497
Winter HH (1973) Rheol. Acta 12: 1
Winter HH (1975) Rheol. Acta, 14: 764
Colleman BD, Markwitz H, Noll WI (1966) Viscometri flow of non-Newtonian fluids. Springer Tracts of Nat. Philos, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Fridman ML, Peshkovsky SL, Vinogradov GV (1981) Polym. Engng. Sci. 21: 755
Fridman ML (1980) Regulation of rheological properties of thermoplastics and compositions based thereon in order to intensify molding processes. Summary of the thesis, In. Chem. Phys. Ac. Sci. USSR, Moscow
Fridman ML (1977) Technology of processing of crystall. polyolefins, Himiya, Moscow
Fridman ML, Isayev AI, Smyslova ES (1973) Study of extrusion flow under conditions of molding tool vibration. Proceedings of 18th All-Union Conf. on HMC, Kazan, p. 226
Litvinov VG (1982) Flow of non-linearly viscous fluid, Nauka, Moscow
Vinogradov GV, Malkin AYa (1980) Rheol. of Polymers, Mir, Moscow
Prokunin AN (1985) Some effects in flow of viscoelastic fluids. Summary of the thesis, IVS Ac. Aci. USSR, Leningrad
Chang Dee Han (1975) Rheol. in polym. processing, Academic, New York Translation into Russian edited by Vinogradov GV and Fridman ML (1979), Himiya, Moscow
Genender MM (1985) Extrusion of PVC-compositions through heads with rotating core, Summary of the thesis, Mendeleyev Inst. Chem. Technol., Moscow
Tadmar Z, Gogos CG (1979) Principles of pölym. processing, Wiley, New York Translation into Russian edited by R. V. Torner (1984), Himiya, Moscow
Volov BM (1986) Study and optimization of design and technology for manufacturing of pressure hoses of PVC-compositions. Summary of the thesis, Lomonosov Inst. Fine Chem. Tech., Moscow
Panov AK, Vachagin KD, Fridman ML (1975) Effect of periodic mechan. strains upon flow of molten polymers in prismatic channels, In: Rheology of polymer and dispersed systems and rheophysics Minsk, vol 1, p 123
Ziprin MG (1977) Mehanika Polymerov, 1: 127, 2: 294, 6: 1093
Feitelson LA, Yakobsons EE (1977) Mehanika Polymerov 6: 1075
Feitelson LA (1985) Vibrothixotropy in polymers. Summary of the thesis, IMKM, Ac. Sci. Latv. SSR, Riga
Fridman ML, Konyshev YuV, Ivankov DV (1971) Injection unit of molding machine. Auth. Certif. USSR No. 291803, Bull. No. 4
Fridman ML, Prut EV (1984) Uspehy Himiyi, Ac. Sci. USSR 53(2): 309
Lipatov YuS (1984) Colloid chemistry of polymers, Naukova Dumka, Kiev
Chang Deen Han (1981), Multiphase flow in polym. processing, Academic, New York
Kissin Yu. V, Fridman ML (1977) Mehanika Polymerov 1: 143
Leonov AI, Prokunin AN (1983) Rheol. Acta 22: 137
Leonov AI (1984) Rheol. Acta 23: 591
Kissin YuV, Fridman ML (1975) Zhurn. Priklad. Spectroscopy 24: 929
Casulli G, Klermont GR, Von Zigler A, Mena B (1987), 3d Annu. Meet. Polym. Process. Soc. Program and Abstract, April 7–10
Ragotner MM, Gorodkin RG, Bukovitch IV, Smolsky MB (1983) In: Prikladnaya Mehanika i Rheophysica, Ac. Sci. Bel. SSR, Minsk, p 75
Buchman YuA, Sysoyev VI, Prokunin AN (1987) Auth. Certif. USSR No. 1295117, Bull. No. 9
Sysoyev VI (1988) Study of shaft sealing by viscoelastic fluids. Summary of the thesis. IMSS, Ural Scient. Centre, Ac. Sci. USSR, Perm
Flinn G (1967) Physics of acoustic caviation in fluids. In: Meson U (ed) Physical acoustics. Mir, Moscow, p 7
Akulichev VA (1968) Pulsation of cavities In: Roseberg LD (ed) Powerful ultrasonic fields, Nauka, Moscow, p 131
Fukusima K, Sanssen D, Kikuchi E (1972) Sound field characteristics related to operation of ultrasonic converters. In: Kikuchi E (ed) Ultrasonic converters. Mir, Moscow, p 353
Rosenberg LD (1968) Cavitation area In: Rosenberg LD (ed) Powerful ultrasonic fields. Nauka, Moscow, p 131
Kogarko BS (1964) Doklady AN SSSR 155: 779
Boguslavsky YuYa (1967) Akustichesky Zhurnal 13: 538
Peshkovsky SL, Yakovlev AD (1976) Akustichesky Zhurn. 22: 422
Peshkovsky SL (1986) Cavitation of fluid in acoustic wave In: Physical and chemical effects upon manufacturing processes, Metallurgiya, Moscow, p 93
Herrman V (1976) Determining equations of compacting porous materials. In: Shapiro GS (ed) Problems of the Theory of Plasticity. Mir, Moscow, p 178
Zeldovitch YaB, Reiser YuP (1966) Physics of shock waves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena, Nauka, Moscow
Baramboym, NK (1978) Mechanochemistry of high-molecular compounds, Himiya, Moscow
Kazale A, Porter RS (1983) Polymer reactions under effects of stresses. Translation from English, Himiya, Leningrad
Elpiner IE (1963) Ultrasound. Physico-chemical and biological effects. Physmatgiz, Moscow
Simionesku K, Oprea K (1970) Mechanochemistry of high-molecular compounds, Mir, Moscow
Bernhardt E (1954) Ind. & Engin. Chem. 3: 742
Ferry J (1963) Viscoelastic properties of polymers, Izdatinlit, Moscow
Vinogradov GV, Yanovsky YuG, Isayev AI (1970) Effect of vibrations upon polymers. In: Vinogradov GV (ed) Progress of polymer rheology. Himiya, Moscow, p 79
Ziprin MG, Feitelson LA (1972) Mehanika Polymerov, 4: 689
Feitelson LA, Yakobson EE (1977) Mehanika Polymerov 6: 1125
Peshkovsky SL, Generalov MB, Kaufman IN (1971) Mehanika Polymerov 6: 1097
Peshkovsky SL (1971) Ultrasonic intensification of polymer material extrusion processes. Summary of the thesis, Inst. Chem. Mach. Build., Moscow
Karelin YuM, Mazurenko YuS, Peshkovsky SL (1973) Device for ultrasonic effect upon flow of molten polymers. In: Polymer equipment and processing of plastic masses, Tehnika, Kiev, p 31
Fridman ML, Gul VE (1975) Plasticheskiye Massy, 9: 27
Fridman ML, Peshkovsky SL, Vinogradov GV (1981) Polymer Eng. & Sci. 21: 755
Popov AV, Ischenko VG, Buryachenko AG (1970) Proizvodstvo Shin, Resinotehnicheskyh i Asbestotehnicheskyh Izdeliy, 6: 16
Askatelov AI (1972) Kauchuk i Resina, 3: 17
Popov AV (1968) Kauchuk i Resina 10: 49
Buryachenko AG (1969) Kauchuk i Resina 12: 18
Fridman ML, Peshkovsky SL, Popov VL (1978) Colloidny Zhurnal 4: 819
Ivanov AV, Bylalov YaM, Ismaylov TM (1975) Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 6: 717
Abbas KB, Porter RS (1976) J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 20: 1289
Goetze KP, Porter RS (1971) J. Polymer Sci. 35: 189
Regel VR, Sluzker AI, Tomashevsky EE (1974) Kinetic nature of the strength of solid bodies, Nauka, Moscow
Engel T (1967) Mod. Plast. 1: 175; 1: 257
Zharov AA (1984) Uspehy Himyiy, Ac. Sci. USSR. 53: 236
Enikolopian NS (1984) Macromol. Chem. 8: 109
Larsen HA (1975) J. Phys. Chem. 61: 1643
Knapp R, Dailey J, Hammit F (1974) Cavitation, Mir, Moscow
Csang WJ, Csen HCh (1965) Phys. Fluids, 8: 758
Fogéer HS, Goddard (1970) Phys. Fluids, 3: 1135
Tanasawa J, Csang WJ (1970) J. Appl. Phys. 41: 4526
Avanesov AM, Avetysyan IA (1973) Izvestiya AN SSSR, Mehanika Zhidkosty i Gaza, 4: 170
Levitzky SP, Listrov AG (1974) PMTF, 1: 137
Avanesov AM, Avetysyan IA, Listrov AG (1976) Akustichesky Zhurnal 22: 812
Vinogradov GV, Elkin AJ, Sosin SE (1978) Polymer 19: 1458
Kornfeld MI (1951) Elasticity and strength of fluids, Moscow
Peshkovsky SL, Fridman ML, Brizitzky VI, Vinogradov GV, Tukachinsky AI (1981) Doklady AN SSSR, 258: 705
Zarembo LK, Krasilnikov VA (1966) Introduction to non-linear acoustics, Nauka, Moscow
Peshkovsky SL, Fridman ML, Tukachinsky AJ, Vinogradov GV, Eniklopian NS (1983) Polymer Composites 4: 126.
Fridman ML, Peshkovsky SL, Vinogradov GV (1980) In: Rheology 8-th Intern. Congr. Rheology Napoli vol 2 p 485
Fridman ML, Chalyh AE, Peshkovsky SL, Tukachinsky AI, Enikolopian NS (1983) Doklady AN SSSR, 273: 1169
Bylalov Ya M, Ismaylov TM, Ivanov AV, Lopchin VV (1976) Kauchuk i Resina 5: 33
Margulis MA (1984) Fundamentals of acoustic chemistry, Vyschaya Shkola, Moscow
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fridman, M.L., Peshkovsky, S.L. (1990). Molding of polymers under conditions of vibration effects. In: Fridman, M.L. (eds) Polymer Processing. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 93. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025814
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025814
Received:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-51376-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46202-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive