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A Shift of the Genealogies of Knowledge: On Paradigms in the Study of the History of Philosophy

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Doing Chinese Philosophy

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Abstract

The history of Chinese philosophy is now a magnificent academic palace.

This article was originally published on Scholars (Volume 13) 《学人》, Jiangsu People’s Publishing House, 1998. Translated by Yves Vendé.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note of the translator: the terms here used refer to different schools of thought in Chinese history: following up a book review published in 2018, I choose to translate 义理之学 by rational learning because reason car refers to motive for action, and theoretical explanation. See Vendé, Y. Zhu, Hanmin 朱汉民, Classics Hermeneutics and Reason(s) Embodiment–On the Historical Construction of Chinese Philosophy 经典诠释与义理体认——中国哲学建构历程片论. Dao 17, 627–630 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-018-9637-3.

  2. 2.

    Note of the translator: original quotation in Chinese, from Hu Shi’s book 《中国哲学史大纲 (卷上) 》. My translation to English here. This will also be the case for other translations from Chinese sources in this chapter.

  3. 3.

    Hu Shi 胡适, An Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy (Volume 1) 《中国哲学史大纲 (卷上) 》, in the first volume of Hu Shi's Academic Anthology·History of Chinese Philosophy 《胡适学术文集·中国哲学史》 edited by Jiang Yihua 姜义华 (hereinafter referred to as Hu Shi's Academic Anthology 《胡适学术文集》), Beijing 北京, Zhonghua Book Company 中华书局, 1991, pp. 8–12.

  4. 4.

    Note of the translator: the three terms are in English in the text.

  5. 5.

    Note of the translator: All the terms in in inverted commas were in English in the text.

  6. 6.

    Note of the translator: Cosmology and Theory of the world translate 宇宙论 which is used twice, the second time with an English in the text.

  7. 7.

    Note of the translator: in English in the text.

  8. 8.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰, History of Chinese Philosophy, Volume 1, Beijing 北京, Zhonghua Book Company 中华书局, 1981, pp. 1–3.

  9. 9.

    Hu Shi, Ibid., p. 28.

  10. 10.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰, Ibid., pp. 7–8.

  11. 11.

    Jin Yuelin 金岳霖, “Review of Feng Youlan's History of Chinese Philosophy” 《冯友兰〈中国哲学史〉审查报告》, Feng Youlan's History of Chinese Philosophy appendix 冯友兰《中国哲学史》附录, Beijing 北京, Zhonghua Book Company 中华书局, 1981.

  12. 12.

    Yan Fu 严复, Decisive Statements on National Salvation 《救亡决论》, Yan Fu Complete Works 《严复集》, First Volume 第一册, Beijing 北京, Zhonghua Book Company 中华书局, 1986 年, p. 52.

  13. 13.

    Qian Mu 钱穆, Modern Chinese Academics, A Critique 《现代中国学术论衡》, Beijing 北京, SDX Joint Publishing Company 生活•读书•新知三联书店, 2001, p. 23.

  14. 14.

    See Deng Erlin 邓尔麟, Qian Mu and the World of Qifangqiao 《钱穆与七房桥世界》, Beijing 北京, Social Science Literature Publishing House 社会科学文献出版社, 1995, p. 7.

  15. 15.

    Note of the translator: The problem here displayed by Chen Shaoming also explains one of the challenges in translating xue 学: it can be science, learning, or scholarship. In general, I translate xixue 西学 by western science and other occurrences with learning and scholarship.

  16. 16.

    See Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培, Preface to Hu Shi's “Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy” 《胡适〈中国哲学史大纲〉序》。

  17. 17.

    Hu Shi 胡适, Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy (Volume 1) 《中国哲学史大纲 (卷上) 》, Hu Shi Academic Works 《胡适学术文集》 Volume 1, p. 14.

  18. 18.

    Note of the translator: in English in the text.

  19. 19.

    Hu Shi 胡适, “Clues of Chinese Philosophy” 《中国哲学的线索》, in Hu Shi Academic Works, Volume 1 《胡适学术文集》上册, p. 522.

  20. 20.

    Note of the translator: 外在解释” and “内在解释 are translated as such into English in the last paragraph of the article.

  21. 21.

    Note of the translator: Liu Xin 刘歆 (-50?/-23BC), is one of the first defenders of the guwen 古文 school.

  22. 22.

    Note of the translator: 三黄五帝 refers to the earliest system of Chinese historiography.

  23. 23.

    Hu Shi 胡适, “History of Pre-Qin Famous Studies” 《先秦名学史》, in “Hu Shi Academic Works" 《胡适学术文集》下册 Volume 2, p. 775.

  24. 24.

    Hu Shi 胡适, “Dai Dongyuan's Philosophy” 《戴东原的哲学》, Hu Shi Academic Works Volume II 《胡适学术文集》下册, p. 1084.

  25. 25.

    Hu Shi, Ibid., p. 1085.

  26. 26.

    See the first volume of Ancient History Assessment 《古史辨》第一册, Shanghai 上海, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 上海古籍出版社, 1982, pp. 189–198.

  27. 27.

    Fu Sinian 傅斯年, “Differentiation of Ancient Precepts of Life” 《性命古训辨证》, in Selected Works of Fu Sinian 《傅斯年选集》, Tianjin 天津, Tianjin People's Publishing House 天津人民出版社, 1996, pp. 70–71.

  28. 28.

    Fu Sinian, Ibid. p. 73.

  29. 29.

    Xu Fuguan 徐复观, “The Basic Character of the Confucian Spirit and Its Limitation and Rebirth" 《儒家精神之基本性格及其限定与新生》, in Confucian Political Thought and Democracy, Freedom and Human Rights 《儒家政治思想与民主自由人权》, Taibei 台北, Student Bookstore 学生书局, 1988, p. 57.

  30. 30.

    Hu Shi 胡适, “History of Pre-Qin Famous Studies” 《先秦名学史》, in Hu Shi Academic Works Volume II 《胡适学术文集》下册, p. 774.

  31. 31.

    Hu Shi 胡适, A Complete Edition of Chinese Ancient Though 《中国中古思想史长编》, Hu Shi Academic Works Volume 1, 《胡适学术文集》上册, pp. 329–330.

  32. 32.

    Note of the translator: the New Culture movement is taking place around the May 4th 1919.

  33. 33.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰, “Modern Chinese Philosophy” 《中国现代哲学》, San Song Hall Academic Works 《三松堂学术文集》, Beijing 北京, Peking University Press 北京大学出版社, 1984, pp. 285–289.

  34. 34.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰, History of Chinese Philosophy, Volume 1 《中国哲学史》上册, p. 22.

  35. 35.

    Translator’s note: Feng is here very close to the meaning of “substance” in Aristotle, i.e., “what remains the same in change”, this interpretation comes back about Metaphysics. See below.

  36. 36.

    Feng Youlan, Ibid., p. 288.

  37. 37.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰, History of Chinese Philosophy 《中国哲学史》下册, Volume 2, p. 588.

  38. 38.

    Feng Youlan, Ibid., p. 1008.

  39. 39.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰, Preface to Sansong Hall 《三松堂自序》, Beijing 北京, SDX Joint Publishing Company 生活•读书•新知三联书店, 1984, p. 223.

  40. 40.

    Chen Yinque 陈寅恪, Feng Youlan's “History of Chinese Philosophy” Review Report III. 《冯友兰〈中国哲学史〉审查报告三》.

  41. 41.

    Note of the translator: in English in the text.

  42. 42.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰,History of Chinese Philosophy, Volume 2 《中国哲学史》下册, pp. 896–897.

  43. 43.

    Note of the translator: in English in the text.

  44. 44.

    Feng Youlan, Ibid., p. 904.

  45. 45.

    Feng Youlan 冯友兰, “The Inheritance of Chinese Philosophical Heritage” 《中国哲学遗产的继承问题》, “History of Chinese Philosophy” 《中国哲学史论文集》, Shanghai 上海, Shanghai People's Publishing House 上海人民出版社, 1958, p. 87.

  46. 46.

    Hou Wailu 侯外庐,The Pursuit of Resilience 《韧的追求》, Beijing 北京, SDX Joint Publishing Company 生活•读书•新知三联书店, 1985, pp. 124–125.

  47. 47.

    Hou Wailu, Ibid., pp. 280–281.

  48. 48.

    See Karl Mannheim, The Ideological and Sociological Interpretation of Intellectual Phenomena, New York, Oxford University Press, 1971, pp. 116–131.

  49. 49.

    Zhao Jibin 赵纪彬, A New Exploration of the Analects, Beijing 北京, People's Publishing House 人民出版社, 1976, p. 29.

  50. 50.

    Marx and Engels, German Ideology 《德意志意识形态》, quoted from A New Exploration of the Analects 《论语新探》, p. 31.

  51. 51.

    Hou Wailu 侯外庐,The Pursuit of Resilience 《韧的追求》, p. 267.

  52. 52.

    Hou Wailu 侯外庐, General History of Chinese Thought 《中国思想通史》, Volume Five 第五卷, Beijing 北京, People's Publishing House 人民出版社, 1956, p. 33.

  53. 53.

    Mou Zongsan 牟宗三,Preface to Substance of the Mind and Human Nature 《心体与性体》序, Shanghai 上海, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 上海古籍出版社, 1999.

  54. 54.

    Li Zehou 李泽厚, “On Song and Ming Dynasties” 《宋明理学片论》, On the History of Ancient Chinese Thought 《中国古代思想史论》, Beijing 北京, People's Publishing House 人民出版社, 1985, pp. 256–257.

  55. 55.

    Xu Fuguan 徐复观, “Several Issues Concerning the History of Thought” 《有关思想史的若干问题》, in On the History of Chinese Thought 《中国思想史论集》, Taibei 台北, Student Bookstore 学生书局, 1988, p. 114.

  56. 56.

    Note of the translator: in English in the text.

  57. 57.

    Yu Yingshi 余英时, “A New Interpretation of the Intellectual History of the Qing Dynasty” 《清代思想史的个新解释》, in A Modern Interpretation of Chinese Intellectual Tradition 《中国思想传统的现代诠释》, Nanjing 南京, Jiangsu People's Publishing House 江苏人民出版社, 2003, p. 158.

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    Shaoming Chen

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Chen, S. (2024). A Shift of the Genealogies of Knowledge: On Paradigms in the Study of the History of Philosophy. In: Doing Chinese Philosophy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9840-1_1

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