Abstract
The last chapter of this book explores the significant domain of “Interface Engineering” within composite materials, providing a detailed examination of techniques to enhance fiber–matrix interfaces for optimal material performance. The chapter is thoughtfully structured, beginning with an introductory overview followed by a discussion on the interface engineering in ductile fiber/thermosets composites. Further, there is an extensive analysis of surface treatments of fiber, wherein surface treatment methods for glass fibers, carbon fibers, and Kevlar fibers are expounded, each tailored to meet the unique requirements of various fiber types. A substantial portion which is the tail of this chapter discusses the influence of strain rate on the properties of a sandwiched epoxy interface as investigated by researchers. It encompasses sample preparation, quasi-static indentation, dynamic indentation, and nanomechanical Raman spectrometry. Through these comprehensive analyses, this chapter sheds light on the intricate interplay of factors affecting material behavior in high strain-rate scenarios. It equips readers with essential knowledge of interface engineering, encompassing fiber surface treatments, and microscale mechanisms that influence reinforcement and failure. The chapter's informative depth is further enriched by a well-curated set of references, enabling readers to explore these topics more extensively in specialized literature.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Shubham, Prusty, R.K., Ray, B.C.: Influence of interphase characteristics on the elastic modulus of unidirectional glass-reinforced epoxy composites: a computational micromechanics study. International Journal of Materials Research. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2022-0032
Wetherhold, R.C., Corjon, M., Das, P.K.: Multiscale considerations for interface engineering to improve fracture toughness of ductile fiber/thermoset matrix composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 67, 2428–2437 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.01.004
Chawla, K.K.: Composite Materials: Science and Engineering. Springer Science and Business Media (2012)
Mallick, P.K.: Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, Third Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2007). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420005981
Gangineni, P.K., Gupta K., B.N.V.S.G., Patnaik, S., Prusty, R.K., Ray, B.C.: Recent advancements in interface engineering of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites and their durability studies at different service temperatures. Polymer Composites. 43, 4126–4164 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26716
Fukunaga, A., Ueda, S.: Anodic surface oxidation for pitch-based carbon fibers and the interfacial bond strengths in epoxy matrices. Compos. Sci. Technol. 60, 249–254 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00118-9
Bismarck, A., Pfaffernoschke, M., Springer, J., Schulz, E.: Polystyrene-grafted Carbon Fibers: Surface Properties and Adhesion to Polystyrene. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 18, 307–331 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705705049559
An, F., Lu, C., Guo, J., He, S., Lu, H., Yang, Y.: Preparation of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays grown onto carbon fiber fabric and evaluating its wettability on effect of composite. Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 1069–1076 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.09.003
Zhao, F., Huang, Y.: Uniform modification of carbon fibers in high density fabric by γ-ray irradiation grafting. Mater. Lett. 65, 3351–3353 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.05.023
Dai, Z., Shi, F., Zhang, B., Li, M., Zhang, Z.: Effect of sizing on carbon fiber surface properties and fibers/epoxy interfacial adhesion. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 6980–6985 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.047
An, F., Lu, C., Li, Y., Guo, J., Lu, X., Lu, H., He, S., Yang, Y.: Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotube-hybridized carbon fiber to reinforce epoxy composite. Mater. Des. 33, 197–202 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.027
Tang, G., Zang, Z., Chang, D., Wei, G., Wang, D., Mi, W., Yan, W., Huang, W.: Study on the Interfacial Behavior of Clay-Coated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PEI Composites. Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 51, 861–865 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012.671420
Rhee, K.Y., Park, S.J., Hui, D., Qiu, Y.: Effect of oxygen plasma-treated carbon fibers on the tribological behavior of oil-absorbed carbon/epoxy woven composites. Compos. B Eng. 43, 2395–2399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.046
Meng, L., Fan, D., Zhang, C., Jiang, Z., Huang, Y.: The effect of oxidation treatment with supercritical water/hydrogen peroxide system on intersurface performance for polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers. Appl. Surf. Sci. 273, 167–172 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.007
Chen, L., Jin, H., Xu, Z., Shan, M., Tian, X., Yang, C., Wang, Z., Cheng, B.: A design of gradient interphase reinforced by silanized graphene oxide and its effect on carbon fiber/epoxy interface. Mater. Chem. Phys. 145, 186–196 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.02.001
Zhang, S., Liu, W., Wang, J., Li, B., Hao, L., Wang, R.: Improvement of interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) composites by introducing carbon nanotube to the interphase. Polym. Compos. 36, 26–33 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22907
Verma, D., Exner, M., Tomar, V.: An investigation into strain rate dependent constitutive properties of a sandwiched epoxy interface. Mater. Des. 112, 345–356 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.068
Oliver, W.C., Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564–1583 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.1564
Verma, D., Tomar, V.: An investigation into environment dependent nanomechanical properties of shallow water shrimp (Pandalus platyceros) exoskeleton. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 44, 371–379 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.033
Marsh, J., Han, Y.S., Verma, D., Tomar, V.: An investigation into plastic deformation of irradiated tungsten microstructure at elevated temperatures using the Anand’s viscoplastic model. Int. J. Plast 74, 127–140 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2015.06.011
Kalidindi, S.R., Pathak, S.: Determination of the effective zero-point and the extraction of spherical nanoindentation stress–strain curves. Acta Mater. 56, 3523–3532 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.036
Verma, D., Tomar, V.: An investigation into mechanical strength of exoskeleton of hydrothermal vent shrimp (Rimicaris exoculata) and shallow water shrimp (Pandalus platyceros) at elevated temperatures. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 49, 243–250 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.003
Verma, D., Tomar, V.: A comparison of nanoindentation creep deformation characteristics of hydrothermal vent shrimp (Rimicaris exoculata) and shallow water shrimp (Pandalus platyceros) exoskeletons. J. Mater. Res. 30, 1110–1120 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.69
Verma, D., Qu, T., Tomar, V.: Scale Dependence of the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Crustaceans Thin Films as Biomimetic Materials. JOM 67, 858–866 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1337-4
Johnson, K.L.: Contact Mechanics. Cambridge University Press (1987)
Somekawa, H., Schuh, C.A.: High-strain-rate nanoindentation behavior of fine-grained magnesium alloys. J. Mater. Res. 27, 1295–1302 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.52
Subhash, G., Maiti, S., Geubelle, P.H., Ghosh, D.: Recent Advances in Dynamic Indentation Fracture, Impact Damage and Fragmentation of Ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91, 2777–2791 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02624.x
Jennett, N.M., Nunn, J.: High resolution measurement of dynamic (nano) indentation impact energy: a step towards the determination of indentation fracture resistance. Phil. Mag. 91, 1200–1220 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2010.485585
Gan, M., Tomar, V.: An in situ platform for the investigation of Raman shift in micro-scale silicon structures as a function of mechanical stress and temperature increase. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 013902 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4861201
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shubham, Ray, B.C. (2024). Interface Engineering. In: Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in Ballistic Protection. Engineering Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9746-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9746-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-9745-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-9746-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)