Abstract
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three methods prescribed under Kyoto Mechanism to offset greenhouse gases’ (GHGs) emission of developed countries. The CDM aims to achieve the objectives of curbing emissions of GHG and promotion of sustainable development in developing countries. Two commitment periods: 2008–2012 and 2013–2020 of the mechanism are over. The chapter analyzes the impact of CDM with global investment and host country perspectives with special reference to India. At global level till 2020, the total estimated emission reductions and certified emission reductions (CERs) issued from registered CDM projects were 9580 million tCO2 and 2062 million, respectively. This denotes that CDM has helped in environment sustainability. However, there is concentration of the projects under CDM in few countries and few sectors. It is examined that Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam accounted for 87.4% of total projects. These countries account for 89.4% and 87.1% of total estimated emission reductions in 2012 and 2020, respectively. They accounted for 89.7% of total CERs issued till 2020. It can be inferred that few developing countries have benefitted from CDM projects. It is noticed that there is sectoral concentration of CDM projects, as well. Globally, 69% of projects under CDM were in renewable energy. Likewise, in India there is concentration of ongoing CDM projects in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. About 66% of CDM projects in India were in renewable energy sector. The progress at both the global level and host country level is contrary to the Kyoto Protocol that emphasizes on equitable geographic distribution of projects under CDM. For widespread benefits of sustainable development, policies should be framed for greater inter-country and intra-country distribution, as well as diversification of CDM projects to different sectors. There is an urgent need to adopt measures to provide adequate expertise and support to Project Participants in developing countries to help them host projects under CDM.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bayer P, Urpelainen J, Xu A (2014) Laissez faire and the clean development mechanism: determinants of project implementation in Indian states, 2003–2011. Clean Technol Environ Policy 16(8):1687–1701
Benecke G (2009) Varieties of carbon governance: taking stock of the local carbon market in India. J Environ Dev 18(4):346–370
Brundtland GH (1987) Our common future: report of the world commission on environment and development, Geneva. UN-Document A/42/427
Castro P, Benecke G (2008) Empirical analysis of performance of CDM projects: case study of India. Discussion Paper CDM-6, Climate Strategies Report, University of Switzerland, Zurich Castro and Benecke_Empirical analysis.pdf
Castro P, Michaelowa A (2008) Empirical analysis of performance of CDM projects, vol 2(8). Climate Strategies Report, University of Zurich
Chakravarthy A (2011) Indian companies’ CDM projects pollute environment, down to earth. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/indian-companies-cdm-projects-pollute-environment--34227. Accessed 14 Oct 2011
Chittawadagi MB (2015) CDM projects and sustainable development: a study of sustainability claims of select CDM projects in Karnataka. Int J Innov Sci Eng Technol 2(9):867–882
Conference of the Parties (COP) (2001) Seventh session, Marrakesh, Morocco
Huq S (2002) Applying sustainable development criteria to CDM projects: PCF experience. PCFplus Report 10. World Bank, Washington
Institute for Global Environmental Studies (IGES) (2021). Clean Development Mechanism, Project Database (CDM-PD).
Institute for Global Environmental Studies (2020a) Implications of COVID-19 for the environment and sustainability, first position paper
Institute for Global Environmental Studies (2020b) A sustainable COVID-19 response, recovery and redesign: principles and applications of the triple R framework. Discussion paper First Position Paper
National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) (2008) Government of India
Osmani AR (2013) Clean development mechanism: concept and governance in India. CEPMLP Annu Rev 16
Pathak et al (2000) India: CDM opportunities and benefits. Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi
Rashmi RR, Ahuja R (2019) Clean development mechanism as catalyst for sustainable development mechanism under article 6.4. Discussion Paper, The Energy and Resources Institute. http://pdf.wri.org/nsflows_4.pdf
Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and GIZ (2020) Rapid assessment of the CDM and VCM portfolio report of India
Singh A, Unnikrishnan S (2010) Energy recovery in solid waste management through CDM in India and other countries. Resour Conserv Recycl 54(10):630–640
Sirohi S (2007) CDM: is it a win-win strategy for rural poverty alleviation in India? Clim Change 84(1):91–110
Slariya M (2012) Viability of CDM projects in India: a study of Chanju CDM project in Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh India. In: International Scientific Conference on “Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountain Areas”, Hohenheim, vol 16, p 18
Sreekanth KJ, Sudarsan N, Jayaraj S (2012) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) implementation with secondary energy resources in domestic sector: an Indian scenario. In: 2012 International Conference on Green Technologies (ICGT). IEEE, pp 164–169
Tukdeo S, Narra S (2011) Wind power projects in India and clean development mechanism (CDM) approach, implementing environmental and resource management. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 61–68
United Nations Climate Change Conference (2001) Marrkesh, Morocco
United Nations Development Programme (2020) Human development report
United Nations (1992) United Nations framework convention on climate change: Earth Summit. https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf
United Nations (1998) United Nations framework convention on climate change: Kyoto Protocol. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf
World Development Indicators. World Bank https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Singh, B. (2024). Clean Development Mechanism and Environment Sustainability: An Overview. In: Sushil, Rani, N., Joshi, R. (eds) Flexibility, Resilience and Sustainability. Flexible Systems Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9550-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9550-9_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-9549-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-9550-9
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)