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Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Pathogen Invasion into the Central Nervous System: Meningitis

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Mechanism and Genetic Susceptibility of Neurological Disorders

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Abstract

Meningitis, a deadly ailment that affects the central nervous system (CNS), involves the inflammation of the brain and spinal cord’s protective membrane, known as meninges. This condition can arise due to infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Among the bacterial culprits, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, and H. influenzae type b (Hib) have been identified as potential causes of bacterial meningitis. While fungal-induced meningitis is relatively are, cryptococcal meningitis has been distinguished as a notable exception. Research elucidates that the majority of viral meningitis cases worldwide are attributed to enteroviruses (EVs). In this chapter, we explore molecular and cellular concepts that underlie the mechanisms of pathogen invasion into the CNS. This further encompasses the structural elements of the CNS compartments, which affect the entry of pathogens. Additionally, we present the recent findings regarding the pathways exploited by pathogens to facilitate CNS infections. Thus, this chapter serves to offer valuable insights into the prevalence, incidence, and management of meningitis in both developed and developing nations. By understanding the fundamental aspects of pathogen invasion and CNS interactions, healthcare professionals and researchers can strive to improve prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions for this critical neurological disorder.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, India

    Priyanka Singh & Komal Gupta

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

    Priyanka Singh & Manu Sharma

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, India

    Shobhit Kumar

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  1. Priyanka Singh
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  2. Komal Gupta
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  3. Manu Sharma
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India

    Andleeb Khan

  2. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Mashoque Ahmad Rather

  3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Ghulam Md Ashraf

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Singh, P., Gupta, K., Sharma, M., Kumar, S. (2024). Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Pathogen Invasion into the Central Nervous System: Meningitis. In: Khan, A., Rather, M.A., Ashraf, G.M. (eds) Mechanism and Genetic Susceptibility of Neurological Disorders. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9404-5_14

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