Abstract
Considering the limited number of women as senior managers, even today, this study aims to extend understanding of the differences and similarities in the leadership behaviors of female executives and male executives, and to better determine the leadership behaviors that female executive identified as important toward success in executive-level positions. Mixed methods were used to generate the data needed to answer the search queries. This paper examines the role of women in leadership strategy with the main purpose of examining leadership behaviors in women leaders, in order to generate new knowledge based on research. Better understanding of the differences and similarities between female and male leaders, as well as what leadership behaviors female leaders believe they must demonstrate to be successful in their respective roles. The main conclusion drawn from this research is that there are no significant differences between female executives and men in management positions. The findings inform professionals and enable them to better meet the needs of their population.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adler NJ, Israel J (1988) Competitive frontiers: Women managers in a global economy. Blackwell.
Alhas F (2020) Reasons that prevent women from becoming top executives: ınvestigation of the relationship between glass cliff, glass escalator, and glass elevator. J Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Soc Sci Inst 6(2):101–113. https://doi.org/10.31463/aicusbed.677598
Arapi D, Vardari L, Gashi R (2018) A women in the labour market and decision making in Kosovo. Prizren Soc Sci J 1(1):15–29. Retrieved from https://prizrenjournal.com/index.php/PSSJ/article/view/6
Aydın R, Bozkuş T (2016) Problems in the social environment of male students’ who study in nursing department. Int J Sci Cult Sport (IntJSCS) 4(1):122–131
Aygün Ş, Özmutaf N (2019) On the factors affecting the quality of communication ın the context of gender: a research comprising managers. Mehmet Akıf Ersoy Unıversty J Soc Sci Inst 11(29):592–602. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.619633
Bartol K, Butterfield D (1976) Sex effects in evaluating leaders. J Appl Psychol 6L:446–454. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.61.4.446
Bass BM (1985) Leadership: good, better, best. Organ Dyn 13(3)
Bass BM, Avolio BJ, Atwater L (1996) The transformational and transactional leadership of men and women. Appl Psychol 45:5–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1996.tb00847.x
Belkin L (2003) The opt-out revolution. New York Times Magazine 153, 42–86. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/26/magazine/the-opt-out-revolution.html
Bennis W, Nanus B (1985) Leaders: the strategies for taking charge. Harper & Row, New York, NY
Bozdoğan S (2021) What changed since 1997 aren’t women willing to manage? Int J Leadersh Stud: Theory Pract 4 (1):17–28. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/988660
Burns JMG (1978) Leadership. Harper & Row, New York
Carlyle T, Linson CK, Gunn A (1893) On heroes, hero-worship and the heroic in history. New York, Frederick A. Stokes company. Web. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://lccn.loc.gov/25002119
Conger J, Kanungo R (1987) Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Acad Manag Rev 12(4):637–647. https://doi.org/10.2307/258069
Çağlıyan V, Attar M, ve Külahlı S (2021) The mediating role of organizational learning in the effect of transformational leadership on organizational ınnovation. Eskişehir Osmangazi Univ J İİBF 16(1):124–145. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.872569
Çelebi F (2021) Leadership and entrepreneurship in the digital age. Iksad Publication, Ankara
Çelikten M (2004) Okul Müdürü Koltuğundaki Kadınlar: Kayseri İli Örneği. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 17(2):91–118
Doğan S (2001) Vision-based leadership. Philip Richard’s, Pub., Seçil Ofset
Eagly AH, Johnson BT (1990) Gender and leadership style: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 108(2):233–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.233
Eraslan, L. (2006). Liderlikte post-modern bir paradigma: dönüşümcü liderlik. J Hum Sci 1(1). Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/168
Eren E (2012) Organizational behavior and management psychology. Beta Publishing, İstanbul
Erturgut R, Erturgut P (2010) Transformational leader charmatic or visionary? A research on public health organizations. Electron J Soc Sci 9(34):223–239. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/esosder/issue/6148/82557
Fairholm GW (1998) Perspectives on leadership: from the science of management to its spiritual heart. Praeger, Westport, CT
Fenn M (1978) Making it in management: a behavioral approach for women executives. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Fidan M (2019) Historical evolution of leadership in relation to leader-follower exchange and woman leadership. Istanb Univ J Women’s Stud 19:53–70. https://doi.org/10.26650/iukad.2019.19.004
Fulmer R, Conger J (2004) Growing your company’s leaders: how great organizations use succession management to sustain competitive advantage. AMACOM, New York, NY
Helgesen S (1990) The female advantage: women’s ways of leadership. Doubleday Currency, New York, NY
Henderson LS, Stackman RW (2010) An exploratory study of gender in project management: interrelationships with role, location, technology, and project cost. Proj Manag J 41(5):37–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20175
İnandı Y (2009) Kadın Öğretmenlerin Kariyer Geliştirme Engelleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 5(1):77–96. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.93661
Jablonski M (1996) The leadership challenge for women college presidents. Initiatives 57(4). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ540539
Jironet K (2011) Female leadership: management, jungian psychology, spirituality and the global journey through purgatory. Taylor & Francis e-Library, New York
Jones JA (2009) Gender dissimilarity and leader-member exchange: the mediating effect of communication apprehension. Emerg Leadersh Journeys 2(1):3–16
Kanter R (1977) Men and women of the corporation. Basic Books Inc., New York, NY
Koçel T (2001) Business management. Beta Press, Istanbul
Koenig A, Eagly A, Mitchell A, Ristikari T (2011) Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychol Bull 137(4):616–642. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023557
Kotter J (1990) What leaders really do. In: Wren JT (ed) The leader’s companion: insights on leadership throughout the ages (114–123). The Free Press, New York, NY, p 103
Kotter J (1995) Leading change: why transformational efforts change. Harv Bus Rev 73(2):59–67
Kouzes JM, Posner BZ (2006) A leader's legacy (Vol. 101). John Wiley & Sons.
Kouzes J, Posner B (1987) The leadership challenge: how to keep getting extraordinary things done in organizations, 1st edn. JosseyBass, San Francisco, CA
Kouzes J, Posner B (2013) Leadership practices inventory facilitator’s guide set, 4th edn. San Francisco (CA), Pfeiffer
Kul M, Güçlü M (2010) The relationship between school administrators’ leadership style and physical education teachers’ organizational commitment. J Hum Sci 7(2):1021–1038. Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/1483
Levitt DH (2010) Women and leadership: a developmental paradox? Adultspan J 9(2):66–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0029.2010.tb00072.x
Mabey C, Lees TF (2007) Management and leadership development. Sage
McCall MW, Lombardo MM (1978) Leadership: where else can we go? Duke University Press, Durham, N.C, p 3
Mello JA (2003) Profiles in leadership: enhancing learning through model and theory building. J Manag Educ 27:344–361
Moran B (1992) Gender differences in leadership. Libr Trends 40(3):475–491
Nayır DE, Gökalp A, ve Bilgiç R (2020) Algılanan En Etkin Liderlik: Lidere ve Çalışana Bağlı Özelliklerin Rolünü Anlamak. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 35(86):99–114. https://doi.org/10.31828/tpd1300443320190827m000024
Newman I, Benz CR (1998) Qualitative-quantitative research methodology: Exploring the interactive continuum. SIU Press.
Okan N, ve Okan YT (2021) Turkish adaptation and psychometric analysis of the short transformational leadership scale. Turk Stud—Soc 16(2):687–700. https://doi.org/10.47356/TurkishStudies.48329
Öztürk NK (2020) How bureaucrats become leaders. Turk J Adm 92(491):233–262
Payne, K., Fuqua, H. and Canegami, J. (1998). Women As Leaders. In W. Rosenbah & R. Taylor (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Leadership (pp. 145–167). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 146.
Ralph M (1975) Book reviews: Stogdill’s handbook of leadership, a survey of theory and research. Free Press, New York, 1974, pp 581. J Bus Commun (1973) 12(2):78–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/002194367501200210
Ribbens BA, Bazan S (1991) Women in management worldwide. In: Adler NJ, Izraeli DN (Eds) (1988) M. E. Sharpe Inc., New York, pp XVII + 285. J Organ Behav 12:83–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030120109
Sabuncuoğlu ET (2008) Leadership, change and ınnovation, leadership and motivation. In: Serinkan C (Ed) Nobel Publishing, Ankara
Şahinli S, Çınarlık O (2021) Investigation of graduate theses published in Turkey in leadership lecture in health: a systematic review study. Sakarya Univ J Bus Inst 3(1):123–130. https://doi.org/10.47542/sauied.827799
Sharpe R (2000) As leaders, women rule: new studies find that female managers outshine their male counterparts in almost every measure. Bus Week, 74–84
Stogdill RM (1974) Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. Free Press.
Tichy NM, Devanna MA (1986) The transformational leader. John Wiley & Sons.
Tunçer P (2010) Organizational change and leadership. J Court Acc 80:57–83. https://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423911502.pdf
Ünver S, Avcıbaşı İM, Özkan ZK, Motör D (2016) Hemşirelik Bölümünde Okuyan Erkek Öğrencilerin Sosyal Çevrelerinde Yaşadıkları Sorunlar. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 5(6). Retrieved from http://www.itobiad.com/tr/pub/issue/24073/256604
Van Maurik J (2001) Writers on leadership. Penguin Books, London, p 3
Varma A, Storh LK (2001) Different perspective on selection for international assignments: the impact of LMX and gender. Cross Cult Manag 8:85–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600110797290
Woolf V (1929) Kendine Ait Bir Oda (Room of One’s Own) (trans: İlknur Özdemir). Kırmızı Kedi Publishing House, Istanbul
Wren JT (1995). The Leader's Companion: Insights on Leadership through the Ages. New York: Free Press.
Yavuz A, Akgemici T (2021) Effects of problems that women meet in the business life on personal performance: an appliccation in retail sector. Pearson J Soc Sci Hnities 6(13):1–9. https://doi.org/10.46872/pj.273
Yıldırım G (2021) The role of transparent ınternal communication and transformational leadership in public relations in corporate change and corporate trust building. J Erciyes Commun 8(1):63–85. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.797439
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vardari, L., Keskin, G. (2024). The Kosovo Women’s Role and Position in Leadership Strategy. In: Çalıyurt, K.T. (eds) New Approaches to CSR, Sustainability and Accountability, Volume V. Accounting, Finance, Sustainability, Governance & Fraud: Theory and Application. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9145-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9145-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-9144-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-9145-7
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)