Abstract
By 2050, the gap between Egypt's renewable water resources supplies and demands will grow by more than twofolds from 23 BCM in 2022 to approximately 50 BCM. Closing such a big water supply and demand gap will be challenging and expensive. The availability of water resources plays a crucial role in driving Egypt's economic development and facilitating rapid growth across multiple sectors. Currently, around 82% of the country's water demand is met through the utilization of surface water, while approximately 12% is fulfilled by groundwater sources. The remaining 6% comes from the reuse of agriculture drainage water and treated sewage effluent. Managing demand, particularly for agricultural water use, which uses more than 85% of the total water use in Egypt, must be given priority by planners and decision-makers. Failure to reduce the water demand in various sectors and curb uneconomic agricultural use will have severe socioeconomic repercussions. Once renewable freshwater resources are depleted, the most significant source of new water will be desalination of seawater and brackish groundwater or reusing of treated sewage effluent. Artificial recharge of aquifers using conventional water resources such as rainfall or surplus overland flow or treated wastewater is an important tool for managing the scarce water resources in Egypt. Several projects on artificial recharge of aquifers were carried out in Egypt using surface water, rainfall, and treated sewage effluent. Artificial recharge is an essential element of the National Water Plan for building up strategic water reserves, controlling declining groundwater levels, enhancing deteriorated groundwater quality, and improving water management.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdel-Mageid H, Hago A, Abdel-Magid IM (1991) Analysis of pipe networks by the finite element method, Water International 16(2):96–101
Abdel-Latif M, Yacoub M (2011) Effect of change of discharges at Dongola station due to sedimentation on the water losses from Nasser Lake. Nile Water Sci Eng J 4(1):86–98
Abdel Wahab D, Adomako D, Abass G, Adotey DK, Anornu G, Ganyaglo S (2020) Hydrogeochemical and isotopic assessment for characterizing groundwater quality and recharge processes in the Lower Anayari catchment of the Upper East Region, Ghana, Environ, Dev Sustain 23(4):5297–5315
Atkinson G, Mourato S (2008) Environmental cost-benefit analysis. Annu Rev Environ Resour 33:317–344
Boardman A, Greenberg D, Vining A, Weimer D (1996) Cost-benefit analysis: concepts and practice. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, pp 1–135
Darwish M (1998) Artificial recharge experiments in bustan extension area, Egypt, At the book artificial recharge of groundwater, 1st edn. Taylor and Francis
Dawoud M (2019) Groundwater economics in arid regions: Abu Dhabi Emirate case study. In Proceedings of the 13th Gulf Water Conference Proceedings, Desalination and Water Treatment, Kuwait, Volume 176, pp 12–14
Dillon P, Fernandez EE, Tuinhof A (2012) Management of aquifer recharge and discharge processes and aquifer storage equilibrium. IAH contribution to GEF-FAO Groundwater Governance Thematic Paper 4. In Paper presented at Global Environment Facility (GEF)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
El Arabi N (2012) Environmental management of groundwater in Egypt via artificial recharge extending the practice to Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT). Int J Environ Sustain 1(3):66–82
El Arabi N, Dawoud M (2012) Groundwater aquifer recharge with treated wastewater in Egypt: Technical, environmental, economical and regulatory considerations, Desalination and Water Treatment 47(1–3):266–278
El-Gafy I, El-Ganzori A, Mohamed A (2012) Decision support system to maximize economic value of irrigation water at the Egyptian governorates meanwhile reducing the national food gap, Water Science (27):1–18
Elshemy M, Meon G, (2011) Climate change impacts on water quality indices of the southern part of Aswan High Dam reservoir, Lake Nubia. Fifteenth Intern. Water Techn. Conf., IWTC-15, Alexandria, Egypt, p 17
Elsawwaf M, Willems P (2012) Analysis of the climate variability on Lake Nasser evaporation based on the Bowen ratio energy budget method, J Environ Biol 33(2):475–485
Hani HM, Nour El Din MM, Khalifa A, Elalfy E (2023) Sensitivity analysis for multi-criteria decision analysis framework for site selection of aquifer recharge with reclaimed water. Sustainability 15(6):1–21
Layard R, Glaister S (1994) Cost-benefit analysis, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Maliva RG, Herrmann R, Coulibaly K, Guo W (2015) Advanced aquifer characterization for optimization of managed aquifer recharge. Environ Earth Sci 73:7759–7767
Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) (2022) Annual water resources statistical book. Egypt, pp 10–116
Oakford ET (1985) Artificial recharge: methods, hydraulics, and monitoring. In: Asamo T (ed) Artificial recharge of groundwater. Butterworth Publishers, Boston, pp 69–127
Pearce D, Atkinson G, Mourato S (2006) Cost-benefit analysis and the environment: recent developments; organization for economic co-operation and development. Paris, France
Pescod MB (1992) Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture, FAO Irrigation and Drainage paper No. 47, Rome, Italy
RIGW/IWACO (1999) Artificial recharge pilot project at el-bustan area, final report. Research Institute for Groundwater, Egypt, pp 1–56
RIGW/IWACO (1998) Interpretation of analysis results of the first monitoring network sampling round. Research Institute for Groundwater, Egypt, pp 1–110
RIGW (1988) Hydrogeological maps for Egypt. Research Institute for Groundwater, Egypt
Saha D, Sikka AK, Goklani R (2021) Artificial recharge endeavours in India: a review, water security, India. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2022.100121
Van Puffelen J (1982) Artificial groundwater recharge in the netherlands. DVWK Bulletin 11 (Artificial Groundwater Recharge). Amsterdam, Netherland.
Vanderzalm J, Page D, Dillon P, Gonzalez D, Petheram C (2022) Assessing the costs of managed aquifer recharge options to support agricultural development. Agric Water Manag 263(107437):1–11
Ward FA, Michelsen A (2002) The economic value of water in agriculture: concepts and policy applications. Water Policy 4(5):423–466
Zhang H, Xu Y, Kanyerere T (2020) A review of the managed aquifer recharge: historical development, current situation, and perspectives, physics and chemistry of the earth, Parts A/B/C, vol 102887, pp 118–119
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dawoud, M.A. (2024). The Role of Artificial Recharge of Aquifers in Water Resources Management in Egypt. In: Saha, D., Villholth, K.G., Shamrukh, M. (eds) Managed Groundwater Recharge and Rainwater Harvesting. Water Resources Development and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8757-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8757-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-8756-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-8757-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)