Abstract
The rapid growth of online learning platforms presents both challenges and opportunities for educational institutions. Online learning analytics has the potential to extract valuable insights from student learning behaviours, and such insights could offer learners flexible access to educational resources and foster lifelong learning opportunities. This paper reviews the research progress and emerging techniques in online learning analytics. We first outline the objectives of learning analytics, emphasising its potential to enhance personalised learning experiences, and examine key challenges faced in such platforms. We also review state-of-the-art techniques and explore emerging trends, natural language processing and multimodal learning analytics in particular. The paper discusses the implications of online learning analytics for educators and instructional designers, identifies open research challenges, and inspires further research and innovation to support learners in their educational journey.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Blikstein, P., Worsley, M.: Multimodal learning analytics and education data mining: using computational technologies to measure complex learning tasks. J. Learn. Analytics 3(2), 220–238 (2016)
Boyer, S., Veeramachaneni, K.: Transfer learning for predictive models in massive open online courses. In: Artificial Intelligence in Education: 17th International Conference, AIED 2015, Madrid, Spain, June 22–26, 2015. Proceedings 17, pp. 54–63. Springer International Publishing (2015)
Crossley, S., Paquette, L., Dascalu, M., McNamara, D.S., Baker, R.S.: Combining click-stream data with NLP tools to better understand MOOC completion. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, pp. 6–14 (2016)
D’Angelo, S., Begel, A.: Improving communication between pair programmers using shared gaze awareness. In: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 6245–6290 (2017)
Di Mitri, D., Schneider, J., Specht, M., Drachsler, H.: From signals to knowledge: a conceptual model for multimodal learning analytics. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 34(4), 338–349 (2018)
Ding, Y., Zhang, Y., Xiao, M., Deng, Z.: A multifaceted study on eye contact based speaker identification in three-party conversations. In: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3011–3021 (2017)
Fan, Y., Matcha, W., Uzir, N.A.A., Wang, Q., Gašević, D.: Learning analytics to reveal links between learning design and self-regulated learning. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 31(4), 980–1021 (2021)
Gardner, J., O’Leary, M., Yuan, L.: Artificial intelligence in educational assessment:’breakthrough? Or buncombe and ballyhoo?’. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 37(5), 1207–1216 (2021)
González-González, C.S., Muñoz-Cruz, V., Toledo-Delgado, P.A., Nacimiento-GarcÃa, E.: Personalized gamification for learning: a reactive chatbot architecture proposal. Sensors 23(1), 545 (2023)
He, J., Bailey, J., Rubinstein, B., Zhang, R.: Identifying at-risk students in massive open online courses. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 29, No. 1 (2015)
Kumar, A., Srinivasan, K., Cheng, W.H., Zomaya, A.Y.: Hybrid context enriched deep learning model for fine-grained sentiment analysis in textual and visual semiotic modality social data. Inf. Process. Manage. 57(1), 102141 (2020)
Li, K.C., Wong, B.T.M.: Trends of learning analytics in STE(A)M education: a review of case studies. Interact. Technol. Smart Educ. 17(3), 323–335 (2020)
Mangaroska, K., Giannakos, M.: Learning analytics for learning design: a systematic literature review of analytics-driven design to enhance learning. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 12(4), 516–534 (2018)
Mills, C., Fridman, I., Soussou, W., Waghray, D., Olney, A.M., D’Mello, S.K.: Put your thinking cap on: detecting cognitive load using EEG during learning. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference, pp. 80–89 (2017)
Mu, S., Cui, M., Huang, X.: Multimodal data fusion in learning analytics: a systematic review. Sensors 20(23), 6856 (2020)
Pribadi, F.S., Adji, T.B., Permanasari, A.E., Mulwinda, A., Utomo, A.B.: Automatic short answer scoring using words overlapping methods. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1818, No. 1. AIP Publishing (2017)
Robinson, C., Yeomans, M., Reich, J., Hulleman, C., Gehlbach, H.: Forecasting student achievement in MOOCs with natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, pp. 383–387 (2016)
Romero, C., López, M.I., Luna, J.M., Ventura, S.: Predicting students’ final performance from participation in on-line discussion forums. Comput. Educ. 68, 458–472 (2013)
Schneider, B., Sharma, K., Cuendet, S., Zufferey, G., Dillenbourg, P., Pea, R.: Leveraging mobile eye-trackers to capture joint visual attention in co-located collaborative learning groups. Int. J. Comput.-Support. Collab. Learn. 13, 241–261 (2018)
Seaton, D.T., Bergner, Y., Chuang, I., Mitros, P., Pritchard, D.E.: Who does what in a massive open online course? Commun. ACM 57(4), 58–65 (2014)
Sharma, K., Dillenbourg, P., Giannakos, M.: Stimuli-based gaze analytics to enhance motivation and learning in MOOCs. In: 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), vol. 2161, pp. 199–203. IEEE (2019)
Sharma, K., Giannakos, M., Dillenbourg, P.: Eye-tracking and artificial intelligence to enhance motivation and learning. Smart Learn. Environ. 7(1), 1–19 (2020)
Sharma, K., Jermann, P., Dillenbourg, P.: Identifying styles and paths toward success in MOOCs. In: International Educational Data Mining Society (2015)
Siemens, G., Gašević, D.: Special issue on learning and knowledge analytics. Educ. Technol. Soc. 15(3), 1–163 (2012)
Siemens, G., Baker, R.S.D.: Learning analytics and educational data mining: towards communication and collaboration. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, pp. 252–254 (2012)
Spikol, D., Ruffaldi, E., Dabisias, G., Cukurova, M.: Supervised machine learning in multimodal learning analytics for estimating success in project-based learning. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 34(4), 366–377 (2018)
Taghipour, K., Ng, H.T.: A neural approach to automated essay scoring. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1882–1891 (2016)
Wang, C., Xu, Y.: Who will work together? Factors influencing autonomic group formation in an open learning environment. Interact. Learn. Environ. 1–19 (2023)
Wong, B.T.M., Li, K.C.: A review of learning analytics intervention in higher education (2011–2018). J. Comput. Educ. 7(1), 7–28 (2020)
Yin, Z., Zhao, M., Wang, Y., Yang, J., Zhang, J.: Recognition of emotions using multimodal physiological signals and an ensemble deep learning model. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 140, 93–110 (2017)
Zawacki-Richter, O., MarÃn, V.I., Bond, M., Gouverneur, F.: Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education–where are the educators? Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ. 16(1), 1–27 (2019)
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge the support of the 2022 Open University of China Youth Research Grant (Q22A0009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, Y., Huang, X., Yu, Q., Lai, Y. (2024). Emerging Techniques for Online Learning Analytics. In: Cheung, S.K.S., Wang, F.L., Paoprasert, N., Charnsethikul, P., Li, K.C., Phusavat, K. (eds) Technology in Education. Innovative Practices for the New Normal. ICTE 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1974. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8255-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8255-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-8254-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-8255-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)