Skip to main content

Dynamical Graph Echo State Networks with Snapshot Merging for Spreading Process Classification

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2023)

Abstract

The Spreading Process Classification (SPC) is a popular application of temporal graph classification. The aim of SPC is to classify different spreading patterns of information or pestilence within a community represented by discrete-time temporal graphs. Recently, a reservoir computing-based model named Dynamical Graph Echo State Network (DynGESN) has been proposed for processing temporal graphs with relatively high effectiveness and low computational costs. Inspired by DynGESN, we propose a novel reservoir computing-based model called the Grouped Dynamical Graph Echo State Network (GDGESN) for dealing with SPC tasks. In this model, a novel augmentation strategy named the snapshot merging strategy is designed for forming new snapshots by merging neighboring snapshots over time, and then multiple reservoir encoders are set for capturing spatiotemporal features from merged snapshots. After those, the logistic regression is adopted for decoding the sum-pooled embeddings into the classification results. Experimental results on six benchmark SPC datasets show that our proposed model has better classification performances than the DynGESN and several kernel-based models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chen, J., Wang, X., Xu, X.: Gc-lstm: graph convolution embedded lstm for dynamic link prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.04206 (2018)

  2. Cho, K., Van Merriënboer, B., Bahdanau, D., Bengio, Y.: On the properties of neural machine translation: encoder-decoder approaches. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1259 (2014)

  3. Gallicchio, C., Micheli, A., Pedrelli, L.: Deep reservoir computing: a critical experimental analysis. Neurocomputing 268, 87–99 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gärtner, T., Flach, P., Wrobel, S.: Graph kernels for chemical informatics. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 505–512. MIT Press (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Guo, S., Lin, Y., Feng, N., Song, C., Wan, H.: Attention based spatial-temporal graph convolutional networks for traffic flow forecasting. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, pp. 922–929 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hearst, M.A., Dumais, S.T., Osuna, E., Platt, J., Scholkopf, B.: Support vector machines. IEEE Intell. Syst. Appl. 13(4), 18–28 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1735–1780 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jaeger, H.: Tutorial on training recurrent neural networks, covering bppt, rtrl, ekf and the “echo state network” approach (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kipf, T.N., Welling, M.: Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907 (2016)

  10. Li, M., Zhu, Z.: Spatial-temporal fusion graph neural networks for traffic flow forecasting. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 35, pp. 4189–4196 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Li, Z., Liu, Y., Tanaka, G.: Multi-reservoir echo state networks with hodrick-prescott filter for nonlinear time-series prediction. Appl. Soft Comput., 110021 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Li, Z., Tanaka, G.: Multi-reservoir echo state networks with sequence resampling for nonlinear time-series prediction. Neurocomputing 467, 115–129 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lukoševičius, M.: A practical guide to applying echo state networks. In: Montavon, G., Orr, G.B., Müller, K.-R. (eds.) Neural Networks: Tricks of the Trade. LNCS, vol. 7700, pp. 659–686. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35289-8_36

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Micheli, A., Tortorella, D.: Discrete-time dynamic graph echo state networks. Neurocomputing 496, 85–95 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Nowzari, C., Preciado, V.M., Pappas, G.J.: Analysis and control of epidemics: a survey of spreading processes on complex networks. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 36(1), 26–46 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Oettershagen, L., Kriege, N.M., Morris, C., Mutzel, P.: Temporal graph kernels for classifying dissemination processes. In: Proceedings of the 2020 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, pp. 496–504. SIAM (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Shervashidze, N., Schweitzer, P., Van Leeuwen, E.J., Mehlhorn, K., Borgwardt, K.M.: Weisfeiler-lehman graph kernels. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12(9) (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tanaka, G., et al.: Recent advances in physical reservoir computing: a review. Neural Netw. 115, 100–123 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Tortorella, D., Micheli, A.: Dynamic graph echo state networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.08565 (2021)

  20. Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Bing Wang for valuable comments. This work was partly supported by JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR19K2, Japan (ZL, FK, GT) and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23H03464 (GT), 20H00596 (KF), and Moonshot R &D Grant No. JPMJMS2021(KF).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ziqiang Li .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Li, Z., Fujiwara, K., Tanaka, G. (2024). Dynamical Graph Echo State Networks with Snapshot Merging for Spreading Process Classification. In: Luo, B., Cheng, L., Wu, ZG., Li, H., Li, C. (eds) Neural Information Processing. ICONIP 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1964. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8141-0_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8141-0_39

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-8140-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-8141-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics