Abstract
Several technological innovations in the field of aquatic animal health in recent years hold immense potential to address the emerging challenges of infectious diseases. At the core of advancements is the One Health perspective which takes into account the interconnectedness between human, animal and environment health. Implementation of aquaculture biosecurity including use of specific pathogen-free, specific pathogen-resistant and specific pathogen-tolerant stocks as well as vaccines can pave way for preventing development of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. Studies on gut microbiome can help in increasing our understanding about host-pathogen interaction. Advanced diagnostic techniques such as quantitative PCR, digital PCR, isothermal amplification and CRISPR-mediated detection have helped in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of detection of pathogens, whereas use of rapid diagnostic tools like lateral flow kits can help in providing point of care diagnosis even by the untrained aquaculturists. The application of metagenomics and environmental DNA can help to identify novel pathogens and also early detection of pathogens. These techniques combined with environmental data will further help in predicting and preventing disease outbreaks. The new-age technology like artificial intelligence will add new dimension to the disease diagnosis and prediction modelling in aquaculture. Herein, we discuss some of these technological advancements and their role in minimizing the disease risks in aquaculture thereby ensuring sustainable aquaculture production and meeting the global food security.
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Sood, N., Pradhan, P.K., Paria, A., Kumar, C.B., Ravindra, Sarkar, U.K. (2023). Meeting Emerging Challenges in Aquatic Animal Health. In: Bansal, K.C., Lakra, W.S., Pathak, H. (eds) Transformation of Agri-Food Systems . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8014-7_17
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