Skip to main content

Intelligent Camera-Based Eye-Controlled Wheelchair System: Raspberry Pi and Advanced Algorithms

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Communication and Applications (ERCICA 2023)

Abstract

People with tetraplegia are unable to move any body parts below the neck. The eye-controlled wheelchair system uses a revolutionary technique. This system's major goal is to make it unnecessary for impaired people to need help. With this technique, a disabled person can steer their wheelchair by their eye movement. The webcam is placed in front of the person, and image processing technique is used to track the position of the pupil in the left or right eye. According to pupil motions, the motor driver will be instructed to go forward, left and right. Additionally, a front-mounted ultrasonic sensor that can detect obstructions and automatically halt wheelchair movement is mounted for safety reasons. The system is monitored by a Raspberry Pi device, which lowers the cost.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe O,Oi D (2003) The look input system using the sclera reflection method by image analysis. Lett Inst Image Inf Telev Eng 57(10):1354–1360

    Google Scholar 

  • Abe D, Oi (2004) The look input platform for serious physically handicapped persons. In: Human interface society human interface symposium 2004 collected papers, pp 1145–1148

    Google Scholar 

  • Abe K, Ohiamd S, Ohyama M (2002) An eye-gaze input system based on the limbus tracking method by image analysis for seriously physically handicapped people. In: Proceedings of the 7th ERCIM workshop user interface for all adjunct proceeding, pp 185–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Barea R, Boquete L, Mazo M, Lopez E (2002) System for Assisted Mobility using Eye Movements based on Electrooculography. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 10(4):209–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corno L, Farinetti IS (2002) A cost-effective solution for eye- gaze assistive technology. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, vol 2, pp 433–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Culpepper BJ, Keller RM (2003) Enabling computer decisions based on EEG input. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 11:354–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito N (2002) Eye movement measurement by picture taking in and processing via a video capture card, an Institute of electronics. Inf Commun Eng Tech R 102:128, 31–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe DL (1982) An ultrasonic head position interface for wheelchair control. J Med Syst 6(4):337–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia P, Hu H (2005) Head gesture based control of an intelligent wheelchair. In: Proceedings of the 11th annual conference of the chinese automation and computing society in the UK [CACSUK05], pp 85–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishimoto Y, Hirose C (2001) Development of the look input system by a cursor move system. Lett Inst Image Inf Telev Eng 55(6):917–919

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuno Y, Fujii K, Uchikawa (1998) Development of the look input interface using EOG. In: The information processing society of Japan paper magazine C39C5, pp 1455–1462

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel SN, Prakash V (2015) Autonomous camera based eye controlled wheelchair system using raspberry-pi. In: 2015 International conference on innovations in information, embedded and communication systems (ICIIECS), pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIIECS.2015.7192876

  • Purwanto D, Mardiyanto R, Arai K (2008) Electric wheelchair control with gaze direction and eye blinking. In: Proceedings of the fourteenth international symposium on artificial life and robotics, GS21-5, B- Con Plaza, Beppu

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandra AC, Viswanatha V, Kishor K, Suhas H, Pannir Selvam E (2022) In-cabin radar monitoring system: detection and localization of people inside vehicle using vital sign sensing algorithm. Int J Recent Innov Trends Comput Commun 10(8):104–109. https://doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i8.5682

  • Reddy VV, Rajeswari VS (2019) Stability and dynamic response of analog and digital control loops of bidirectional buck-boost converter for renewable energy applications. Int J Recent Technol Eng (IJRTE). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3515804

  • Robinson DA (1963) A method of measuring eye movement using a sclera search coil in a magnetic field. IEEE Trans Biomed Electron 10:137–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarangi P, Grassi V, Kumar V, Okamoto J (2007) Integrating human input with autonomous behaviors on an intelligent wheelchair platform. J IEEE Intell Syst 22(2):33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tharwat M, Shalabi G, Saleh L, Badawoud N, Alfalati R (2022) Eye-controlled wheelchair. In: 2022 5th international conference on computing and informatics (ICCI), pp 097–101. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCI54321.2022.9756116

  • Viswanatha V, Reddy RVS (2017) Digital control of buck converter using arduino microcontroller for low power applications. In: 2017 international conference on smart technologies for smart nation (SmartTechCon). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Viswanatha V, Venkata Siva Reddy R, Rajeswari (2020) Research on state space modeling, stability analysis and PID/PIDN control of DC–DC converter for digital implementation. In: Sengodan T, Murugappan M, Misra S (eds) Advances in electrical and computer technologies. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 672. Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Viswanatha V, Ramachandra AC, Venkata Siva Reddy R (2022) Bidirectional DC-DC converter circuits and smart control algorithms: a review. J Electr Syst Inf Technol 9(1):1–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Ishimatsu T (2005) Vision-based navigation for an electric wheelchair using ceiling light landmark. J Intell Rob Syst 41(4):283–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Viswanatha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Viswanatha, V., Ramachandra, A.C., Reddy, G.L., Reddy, A.V.S.T., Reddy, B.P.K., Kiran, G.B. (2024). Intelligent Camera-Based Eye-Controlled Wheelchair System: Raspberry Pi and Advanced Algorithms. In: Shetty, N.R., Prasad, N.H., Nagaraj, H.C. (eds) Advances in Communication and Applications . ERCICA 2023. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1105. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7633-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7633-1_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-7632-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-7633-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics