Abstract
In this research, a suitable off-grid solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, lead-acid battery, and hydrogen tank-based hybrid system are developed to produce renewable energy to meet the end-user load electricity requirements in the northern Indian states. This research assesses the capability of hydrogen systems to use (in fuel cells) excess renewable power produced and store it (as compressed hydrogen). Four scenarios were examined to determine the best combination of energy technologies to satisfy the load demands of a microgrid in Lucknow, India. The HOMER application simulates and models the hybrid energy system. This study examines the efficiency of a hybrid renewable energy system for a household load demand of 52.00 kWh/day with a peak capacity of 11.04 kW. The best optimal system is obtained by combining a 10 kW hydrogen tank, 10 kW electrolyzer, 13.9 kW solar PV, 51 kWh lead-acid battery, 9.93 kW converter, 10 kW fuel cell, and 9 kW wind turbine. The cost of energy (COE) and total net present cost (NPC) with a 100% renewable fraction are $0.241/kWh and $85,691, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the design’s resilience to cost, fuel cell, and electrolyzer uncertainties. The simulation findings demonstrated that a hydrogen battery-based microgrid reduced the levelized energy cost and the overall net present cost. With low energy generating costs and the ability to aid in carbon reduction efforts, the suggested hybrid power system can be installed in a freestanding microgrid system that is entirely dependent on renewable energy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abo-Elyousr FK, Guerrero JM, Ramadan HS (2021) Prospective hydrogen-based microgrid systems for optimal leverage via metaheuristic approaches. Appl Energy 300:117384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117384
Alam M, Kumar K, Dutta V (2021) Design and economic evaluation of low voltage DC microgrid based on hydrogen storage. Int J Green Energy 18(1):66–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2020.1831506
Aziz AS, Tajuddin MFN, Adzman MR, Ramli MAM, Mekhilef S (2019) Energy management and optimization of a PV/diesel/battery hybrid energy system using a combined dispatch strategy. Sustainability 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030683
Madurai Elavarasan R, Leoponraj S, Dheeraj A, Irfan M, Gangaram Sundar G, Mahesh GK (2020) PV-diesel-hydrogen fuel cell based grid connected configurations for an institutional building using BWM framework and cost optimization algorithm. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 43:100934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100934
Guangqian D, Bekhrad K, Azarikhah P, Maleki A (2018) A hybrid algorithm based optimization on modeling of grid independent biodiesel-based hybrid solar/wind systems. Renew Energy 122:551–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.021
Ghenai C, Bettayeb M (2019) Modelling and performance analysis of a stand-alone hybrid solar PV/fuel cell/diesel generator power system for university building. Energy 171:180–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.019
Groppi D, Astiaso Garcia D, Lo Basso G, Cumo F, De Santoli L (2018) Analysing economic and environmental sustainability related to the use of battery and hydrogen energy storages for increasing the energy independence of small islands. Energy Convers Manag 177:64–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.063
Memon OA (2020) Implementation of microgrid with integration of hybrid renewable sources using different backup techniques. Indian J Sci Technol 13(33):3457–3466. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i33.763
Pal P, Mukherjee V (2021) Off-grid solar photovoltaic/hydrogen fuel cell system for renewable energy generation: an investigation based on techno-economic feasibility assessment for the application of end-user load demand in North-East India. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 149:111421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111421
Kama MM, Ashraf I, Fernandez E (2022) Optimal planning of renewable integrated rural microgrid for sustainable energy supply. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 4(4):102581. https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.332
Suresh V, Muralidhar M, Kiranmayi R (2020) Modelling and optimization of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for electrification in a rural areas. Energy Rep 6:594–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.01.013
Samy MM, Elkhouly HI, Barakat S (2021) Multi-objective optimization of hybrid renewable energy system based on biomass and fuel cells. Int J Energy Res 45(6):8214–8230. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5815
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Asghar, A., Kamal, M.M., Ashraf, I. (2024). Modeling and Performance Evaluation of a Microgrid Coupled to a Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Storage. In: Hodge, BM., Prajapati, S.K. (eds) Proceedings from the International Conference on Hydro and Renewable Energy . ICHRE 2022. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 391. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6616-5_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6616-5_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6615-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6616-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)