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Modeling and Simulation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Regulation

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Proceedings from the International Conference on Hydro and Renewable Energy (ICHRE 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 391))

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Abstract

The thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) used in domestic as well as commercial buildings can be considered as distributed resources for regulation purpose. TCLs share a major part of the total power consumption and possess thermal inertia. This can be used for demand response and transactive energy process. Tapping of the potential of TCLs for power system regulation requires modeling in terms of its thermal dynamics. In this paper, a second-order TCL model is developed as an RC network equivalent. It includes modeling, aggregated control, parameter estimation, and response validation of TCLs in demand response and energy operation. Here, an upgraded model of aggregated TCL is recommended and its accuracy is improved for improving the grid regulation services. The setback time of compressor operation is considered here with the regulation signal to improve the aggregated behavior of the TCLs. To increase the life of compressors and to reduce the communication requirements, a probability control approach is proposed.

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Abbreviations

Ca:

Equivalent thermal capacity (kJ/°C)

Tout:

Outdoor temperature (°C)

Tbs:

Indoor building space temperature (°C)

R:

Thermal equivalent resistance (°C/kW)

Q:

Cooling power of the AC (kW)

Q′:

Generated heat within building space by persons, objects (kW)

S(t):

Switch state of AC at time t (1 for ‘on’, 0 for ‘off’)

P:

Rated power of the AC unit (kW)

Tset:

Setpoint temperature (°C)

δ:

Temperature deadband (°C)

∆t:

Shifting period (Second)

ton:

TCL turn-on time for a full running cycle (Second)

toff:

TCL turn-off time for a full running cycle (Second)

N:

Total number of thermostatically controlled loads under study

\(P_{o}^{i}\):

Mean electric power of the itℎ TCL (kW)

w:

Weighting factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ABES Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, 201009, India

    Kalyan Pal

  2. Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078, India

    V. S. K. V. Harish

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  1. Kalyan Pal
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  2. V. S. K. V. Harish
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Correspondence to Kalyan Pal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, CO, USA

    Bri-Mathias Hodge

  2. Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

    Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati

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Pal, K., Harish, V.S.K.V. (2024). Modeling and Simulation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Regulation. In: Hodge, BM., Prajapati, S.K. (eds) Proceedings from the International Conference on Hydro and Renewable Energy . ICHRE 2022. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 391. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6616-5_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6616-5_12

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6615-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6616-5

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