Skip to main content

Etiology, Mechanism, and Anatomopathology of Penile Injury

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Urogenital Trauma: A Practical Guide
  • 126 Accesses

Abstract

Although rare, penile trauma produces a wide range of anatomopathological forms including open injuries (biting, stabbing, or gunshot) and blunt injuries. Open injuries comprise multiple forms of gravity from a superficial incision with or without skin loss to a total amputation of the organ. Blunt trauma mainly consists of penile fracture but includes also injuries by constricting devices, etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Taylor RS. Penile zipper and ring injuries. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2022. PMID: 28722916.

    Google Scholar 

  2. El-Bahnasawy MS, El-Sherbiny MT. Paediatric penile trauma. BJU Int. 2002;90(1):92–6. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02741.x. PMID: 12081778.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gee WF, Ansell JS. Neonatal circumcision: a ten-year overview: with comparison of the Gomco clamp and the Plastibell device. Pediatrics. 1976;58(6):824–7. PMID: 995507.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wiswell TE, Tencer HL, Welch CA, Chamberlain JL. Circumcision in children beyond the neonatal period. Pediatrics. 1993;92(6):791–3. PMID: 8233738.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim JH, Park JY, Song YS. Traumatic penile injury: from circumcision injury to penile amputation. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:375285. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/375285. Epub 2014 Aug 28. PMID: 25250318; PMCID: PMC4164514.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Djordjevic ML, Bumbasirevic MZ, Krstic Z, Bizic MR, Stojanovic BZ, Miocinovic R, Santucci RA. Severe penile injuries in children and adolescents: reconstruction modalities and outcomes. Urology. 2014;83(2):465–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Nov 22. PMID: 24275276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Özçift B, Ağras K. Hair tourniquet syndrome of penis: a rare situation in boys with serious complications if not recognized. Turk J Urol. 2018;45(4):322–4. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2018.36699. PMID: 31291190; PMCID: PMC6619851.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Phonsombat S, Master VA, McAninch JW. Penetrating external genital trauma: a 30-year single institution experience. J Urol. 2008;180(1):192–5; discussion 195–6. Epub 2008 May 21. PMID: 18499189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.041.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hudak SJ, Morey AF, Rozanski TA, Fox CW Jr. Battlefield urogenital injuries: changing patterns during the past century. Urology. 2005;65(6):1041–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.11.031. PMID: 15913731.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Janak JC, Orman JA, Soderdahl DW, Hudak SJ. Epidemiology of genitourinary injuries among male U.S. service members deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: early findings from the trauma outcomes and urogenital health (TOUGH) project. J Urol. 2017;197(2):414–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 6. PMID: 27506692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Etabbal AM, Hussain FF, Benkhadoura MO, Banni AM. War-related penile injuries in Libya: single-institution experience. Arab J Urol. 2018;16(2):250–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2018.01.005. PMID: 29892491; PMCID: PMC5992784.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Al-Azzawi IS, Koraitim MM. Urethral and penile war injuries: the experience from civil violence in Iraq. Arab J Urol. 2014;12(2):149–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2013.11.002. Epub 2014 Jan 23. PMID: 26019940; PMCID: PMC4434606.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Tiftikcioglu YO, Erenoglu CM, Lineaweaver WC. A systematic review of penile replantations: may it guide us in penile allotransplantation? Turk J Plast Surg [serial online]. 2018 [cited 2022 Oct 27];26:97–102. http://www.turkjplastsurg.org/text.asp?2018/26/3/97/235785

  14. Maxwell BG, Chouhan JD, Lundeberg MR, Liu JJ. National patterns of injury and outcomes of gunshot wounds to the penis: a trauma quality programs retrospective cohort analysis. Acute Med Surg. 2021;8(1):e636. https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.636. PMID: 33747534; PMCID: PMC7962619.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Adamyan RT, Aleshina ON, Abdeeva EI, Sinelnikov MY. Reconstructive surgery for high-voltage injury of genitoperineal area and upper extremities: the uromanual trauma concept. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9(10):e3842. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003842. PMID: 34616643; PMCID: PMC8489895.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Sahadev R, Jadhav V, Munianjanappa NB, Shankar G. Penile dislocation with inversion: a rare complication of blunt pelvic injury. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2018;23(2):90–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_71_17. PMID: 29681700; PMCID: PMC5898211.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Palagonia E, Castellani D, Ronchi P, Dell’Atti L, Galosi AB. Hidden penis: a rare case of delayed complication after a pelvic blunt trauma. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(8):3524–8. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-21-333. PMID: 34532276; PMCID: PMC8421820.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Simonis LA, Borovets S, Van Driel MF, Ten Duis HJ, Mensink HJ. Erectile dysfunction due to a ‘hidden’ penis after pelvic trauma. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11(1):53–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900362. PMID: 10098955.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Masuda H, Azuma H, Segawa N, Iwamoto Y, Inamoto T, Takasaki N, Katsuoka Y. Surgical correction of buried penis after traffic accident—a case report. BMC Urol. 2004;4:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-4-6. PMID: 15182380; PMCID: PMC434514.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Maruschke M, Lehr C, Hakenberg OW. Traumatic penile injuries—mechanisms and treatment. Urol Int. 2008;81(3):367–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000151421. Epub 2008 Oct 16. PMID: 18931560.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Barros R, Hampl D, Cavalcanti AG, Favorito LA, Koifman L. Lessons learned after 20 years’ experience with penile fracture. Int Braz J Urol. 2020;46(3):409–16. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2019.0367. PMID: 32167705; PMCID: PMC7088490.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/satire/Martial/livre11.htm

  23. Amer T, Wilson R, Chlosta P, AlBuheissi S, Qazi H, Fraser M, Aboumarzouk OM. Penile fracture: a meta-analysis. Urol Int. 2016;96(3):315–29. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444884. Epub 2016 Mar 9. PMID: 26953932.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Falcone M, Garaffa G, Castiglione F, Ralph DJ. Current management of penile fracture: an up-to-date systematic review. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(2):253–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Sep 2. PMID: 28874325.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Zargooshi J. Sexual function and tunica albuginea wound healing following penile fracture: an 18-year follow-up study of 352 patients from Kermanshah, Iran. J Sex Med. 2009;6(4):1141–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01117.x. Epub 2008 Dec 4. PMID: 19138357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hughes S, Elbaroni W, O’Donoghue J, Williams M. Atypical presentation of a vertical penile fracture. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(6):e243353. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243353. PMID: 34187802; PMCID: PMC8245442.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Phillips EA, Esposito AJ, Munarriz R. Acute penile trauma and associated morbidity: 9-year experience at a tertiary care center. Andrology. 2015;3(3):632–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12043. PMID: 26013107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Young E, Ashrafi AN, Kahokehr AA. Tri-tubular penile fracture: a case of complete rupture of urethra and bilateral corpus cavernosa. IJU Case Rep. 2021;4(3):143–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/iju5.12264. PMID: 33977241; PMCID: PMC8088889.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Barros R, Ribeiro JGA, da Silva HAM, de Sá FR, Júnior AMF, Favorito LA. Urethral injury in penile fracture: a narrative review. Int Braz J Urol. 2020;46(2):152–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.99.02. PMID: 31961620; PMCID: PMC7025847.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. EAU guidelines. Edn. Presented at the EAU annual congress Amsterdam March 2022. isbn:978-94-92671-16-5. https://d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net/documents/full-guideline/EAU-Guidelines-on-Urological-Trauma-2022_2022-03-24-104100_fwda.pdf

  31. Morey AF, Brandes S, Dugi DD 3rd, et al. Urotrauma: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014;192:327. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/urotrauma-guideline

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. el-Sherif AE, Dauleh M, Allowneh N, Vijayan P. Management of fracture of the penis in Qatar. Br J Urol. 1991;68(6):622–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1991.tb15427.x. PMID: 1773294.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

AL-Mamari, S.A. (2023). Etiology, Mechanism, and Anatomopathology of Penile Injury. In: Urogenital Trauma: A Practical Guide. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6171-9_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6171-9_37

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6170-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6171-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics