Abstract
Although rare, penile trauma produces a wide range of anatomopathological forms including open injuries (biting, stabbing, or gunshot) and blunt injuries. Open injuries comprise multiple forms of gravity from a superficial incision with or without skin loss to a total amputation of the organ. Blunt trauma mainly consists of penile fracture but includes also injuries by constricting devices, etc.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Taylor RS. Penile zipper and ring injuries. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2022. PMID: 28722916.
El-Bahnasawy MS, El-Sherbiny MT. Paediatric penile trauma. BJU Int. 2002;90(1):92–6. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02741.x. PMID: 12081778.
Gee WF, Ansell JS. Neonatal circumcision: a ten-year overview: with comparison of the Gomco clamp and the Plastibell device. Pediatrics. 1976;58(6):824–7. PMID: 995507.
Wiswell TE, Tencer HL, Welch CA, Chamberlain JL. Circumcision in children beyond the neonatal period. Pediatrics. 1993;92(6):791–3. PMID: 8233738.
Kim JH, Park JY, Song YS. Traumatic penile injury: from circumcision injury to penile amputation. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:375285. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/375285. Epub 2014 Aug 28. PMID: 25250318; PMCID: PMC4164514.
Djordjevic ML, Bumbasirevic MZ, Krstic Z, Bizic MR, Stojanovic BZ, Miocinovic R, Santucci RA. Severe penile injuries in children and adolescents: reconstruction modalities and outcomes. Urology. 2014;83(2):465–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Nov 22. PMID: 24275276.
Özçift B, Ağras K. Hair tourniquet syndrome of penis: a rare situation in boys with serious complications if not recognized. Turk J Urol. 2018;45(4):322–4. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2018.36699. PMID: 31291190; PMCID: PMC6619851.
Phonsombat S, Master VA, McAninch JW. Penetrating external genital trauma: a 30-year single institution experience. J Urol. 2008;180(1):192–5; discussion 195–6. Epub 2008 May 21. PMID: 18499189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.041.
Hudak SJ, Morey AF, Rozanski TA, Fox CW Jr. Battlefield urogenital injuries: changing patterns during the past century. Urology. 2005;65(6):1041–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.11.031. PMID: 15913731.
Janak JC, Orman JA, Soderdahl DW, Hudak SJ. Epidemiology of genitourinary injuries among male U.S. service members deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: early findings from the trauma outcomes and urogenital health (TOUGH) project. J Urol. 2017;197(2):414–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 6. PMID: 27506692.
Etabbal AM, Hussain FF, Benkhadoura MO, Banni AM. War-related penile injuries in Libya: single-institution experience. Arab J Urol. 2018;16(2):250–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2018.01.005. PMID: 29892491; PMCID: PMC5992784.
Al-Azzawi IS, Koraitim MM. Urethral and penile war injuries: the experience from civil violence in Iraq. Arab J Urol. 2014;12(2):149–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2013.11.002. Epub 2014 Jan 23. PMID: 26019940; PMCID: PMC4434606.
Tiftikcioglu YO, Erenoglu CM, Lineaweaver WC. A systematic review of penile replantations: may it guide us in penile allotransplantation? Turk J Plast Surg [serial online]. 2018 [cited 2022 Oct 27];26:97–102. http://www.turkjplastsurg.org/text.asp?2018/26/3/97/235785
Maxwell BG, Chouhan JD, Lundeberg MR, Liu JJ. National patterns of injury and outcomes of gunshot wounds to the penis: a trauma quality programs retrospective cohort analysis. Acute Med Surg. 2021;8(1):e636. https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.636. PMID: 33747534; PMCID: PMC7962619.
Adamyan RT, Aleshina ON, Abdeeva EI, Sinelnikov MY. Reconstructive surgery for high-voltage injury of genitoperineal area and upper extremities: the uromanual trauma concept. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9(10):e3842. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003842. PMID: 34616643; PMCID: PMC8489895.
Sahadev R, Jadhav V, Munianjanappa NB, Shankar G. Penile dislocation with inversion: a rare complication of blunt pelvic injury. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2018;23(2):90–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_71_17. PMID: 29681700; PMCID: PMC5898211.
Palagonia E, Castellani D, Ronchi P, Dell’Atti L, Galosi AB. Hidden penis: a rare case of delayed complication after a pelvic blunt trauma. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(8):3524–8. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-21-333. PMID: 34532276; PMCID: PMC8421820.
Simonis LA, Borovets S, Van Driel MF, Ten Duis HJ, Mensink HJ. Erectile dysfunction due to a ‘hidden’ penis after pelvic trauma. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11(1):53–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900362. PMID: 10098955.
Masuda H, Azuma H, Segawa N, Iwamoto Y, Inamoto T, Takasaki N, Katsuoka Y. Surgical correction of buried penis after traffic accident—a case report. BMC Urol. 2004;4:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-4-6. PMID: 15182380; PMCID: PMC434514.
Maruschke M, Lehr C, Hakenberg OW. Traumatic penile injuries—mechanisms and treatment. Urol Int. 2008;81(3):367–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000151421. Epub 2008 Oct 16. PMID: 18931560.
Barros R, Hampl D, Cavalcanti AG, Favorito LA, Koifman L. Lessons learned after 20 years’ experience with penile fracture. Int Braz J Urol. 2020;46(3):409–16. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2019.0367. PMID: 32167705; PMCID: PMC7088490.
Amer T, Wilson R, Chlosta P, AlBuheissi S, Qazi H, Fraser M, Aboumarzouk OM. Penile fracture: a meta-analysis. Urol Int. 2016;96(3):315–29. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444884. Epub 2016 Mar 9. PMID: 26953932.
Falcone M, Garaffa G, Castiglione F, Ralph DJ. Current management of penile fracture: an up-to-date systematic review. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(2):253–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Sep 2. PMID: 28874325.
Zargooshi J. Sexual function and tunica albuginea wound healing following penile fracture: an 18-year follow-up study of 352 patients from Kermanshah, Iran. J Sex Med. 2009;6(4):1141–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01117.x. Epub 2008 Dec 4. PMID: 19138357.
Hughes S, Elbaroni W, O’Donoghue J, Williams M. Atypical presentation of a vertical penile fracture. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(6):e243353. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243353. PMID: 34187802; PMCID: PMC8245442.
Phillips EA, Esposito AJ, Munarriz R. Acute penile trauma and associated morbidity: 9-year experience at a tertiary care center. Andrology. 2015;3(3):632–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12043. PMID: 26013107.
Young E, Ashrafi AN, Kahokehr AA. Tri-tubular penile fracture: a case of complete rupture of urethra and bilateral corpus cavernosa. IJU Case Rep. 2021;4(3):143–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/iju5.12264. PMID: 33977241; PMCID: PMC8088889.
Barros R, Ribeiro JGA, da Silva HAM, de Sá FR, Júnior AMF, Favorito LA. Urethral injury in penile fracture: a narrative review. Int Braz J Urol. 2020;46(2):152–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.99.02. PMID: 31961620; PMCID: PMC7025847.
EAU guidelines. Edn. Presented at the EAU annual congress Amsterdam March 2022. isbn:978-94-92671-16-5. https://d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net/documents/full-guideline/EAU-Guidelines-on-Urological-Trauma-2022_2022-03-24-104100_fwda.pdf
Morey AF, Brandes S, Dugi DD 3rd, et al. Urotrauma: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014;192:327. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/urotrauma-guideline
el-Sherif AE, Dauleh M, Allowneh N, Vijayan P. Management of fracture of the penis in Qatar. Br J Urol. 1991;68(6):622–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1991.tb15427.x. PMID: 1773294.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
AL-Mamari, S.A. (2023). Etiology, Mechanism, and Anatomopathology of Penile Injury. In: Urogenital Trauma: A Practical Guide. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6171-9_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6171-9_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6170-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6171-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)