Abstract
From providing shelter for early civilisations to paving the way for future developments, composites have been particularly important to the humanity throughout the history. Most notably, composites are advantageous due to their resistance to corrosion, design versatility, longevity, lightweight, and strength. Products made from composites are not limited to a particular field but finds their application spanning across the construction sector, sports, medicine, space applications and many more. It seems unlikely that projects like rocket ships would have been implemented without the use of composite materials. New materials, applications, and methods make this sector fascinating to work in. Using hybrid virgin and recycled fibres speeds up and automates production. Composite materials are rising at 5% annually worldwide. Carbon fibre demand is expanding at around 12% per year. Nowadays, many composites are manufactured for purposes other than just improving the materials’ mechanical qualities, such as strength. Composites are also engineered to be excellent heat conductors or insulators, and/or to have magnetic characteristics; these features are highly precise and specialised, but they are also incredibly significant and valuable. Composites find their use even in electrical and electronic devices, such as transistors, photovoltaic cells, various sensors and detectors, semiconductor diodes, and lasers, as well as in the production of anti-corrosive and anti-static surface coatings. Other applications of these composites include lasers and sensors. This chapter is a collection of topics such as importance and history of composites, types and manufacturing process materials used for composite construction, applications and case studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Composite material (2018) Britannica, the editors of encyclopaedia [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/technology/composite-material
Egbo MK (2021) A fundamental review on composite materials and some of their applications in biomedical engineering. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci 33(8):557–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2020.07.007
Wattle and daub. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattle_and_daub
Salit MS, Jawaid M, Bin Yusoff N, Hoque ME (2015) Manufacturing of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites. Manuf Nat Fibre Reinf Polym Compos 1–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07944-8
What is a Composite Material? (A Definitive Guide), TWI Ltd. https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-a-composite-material. Accessed 15 Jul 2022
Gotro J (2016) Polymer composites part 3: common reinforcements used in composites. Polym Innov Blog. https://polymerinnovationblog.com/polymer-composites-part-3-common-reinforcements-used-composites/. Accessed 15 Dec 2022
Metal-Matrix Composites (2002) Machine design. https://www.machinedesign.com/materials/article/21812641/metalmatrix-composites. Accessed 15 Dec 2022
Composites 101 (2022) Composites lab. https://compositeslab.com/composites-101/. Accessed 19 Nov 2022
Ngo T-D (2020) Introduction to composite materials. In: Composite and nanocomposite materials—from knowledge to industrial applications. Intechopen, pp 1–27
Quilter A (2004) Composites in aerospace applications. Information Handling Services, Inc. (IHS). http://www.aviationpros.com/article/10386441/composites-in-aerospace-applications
Mangalgiri PD (1999) Composite materials for aerospace applications. Bull Mater Sci 22(3):657–664. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/166/1/012006
Thomas GP (2013) Composites used in the aerospace industry. Azo Mater 1–5
Composites Applications for Space, SAMPE @ 75—Composites applications for space article
Friedrich K, Almajid AA (2013) Manufacturing aspects of advanced polymer composites for automotive applications. Appl Compos Mater 20(2):107–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-012-9258-7
Dental implants explained (2022) European Federation of Periodontology. https://www.efp.org/for-patients/dental-implants/dental-implants-explained/. Accessed 27 Nov 2022
Boeing 787 Dreamliner (2022) WikiMili. https://wikimili.com/en/Boeing_787_Dreamliner. Accessed 17 Dec 2022
Marsh G (2014) Composites flying high (Part 1). https://web.archive.org/web/20150916181258/, http://www.materialstoday.com/composite-applications/features/composites-flying-high-part-1/. Accessed 17 Dec 2022
Singh S (2022) Why The Boeing 787 & airbus A350 are built with composite materials. https://simpleflying.com/787-a350-composite/. Accessed 17 Dec 2022
Fiber C (2010) Strategic Business Expansion of Toray Industries, Inc.
Wallace J (2013) How the 787 ‘dream’ was born. Seattlepi. https://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/How-the-787-Dream-was-born-1242144.php. Accessed 17 Dec 2022
William MUK, Roeseler G, Sarh B (2017) Composite structures: the first 100 years [Online]. Available: http://www.iccm-central.org/Proceedings/ICCM16proceedings/contents/pdf/MonA/MoAM1-01sp_roeselerw228184p.pdf
Boeing Testing Sample Sonic Cruiser Fuselage (2002) Boeing. https://web.archive.org/web/20081205020633/, http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2002/photorelease/q3/pr_020724h2.html. Accessed 18 Dec 2022
Johnson T (2019) Boeing’s 787 dreamliner: how composites and carbon fiber are used. Thought Co. https://www.thoughtco.com/boeings-787-dreamliner-820385?print. Accessed 18 Dec 2022
Griffith LG, Naughton G (2002) Tissue engineering—current challenges and expanding opportunities. Science (80–) 295(5557). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1069210
Ramakrishna S, Mayer J, Wintermantel E, Leong KW (2001) Biomedical applications of polymer-composite materials: a review. Compos Sci Technol 61(9):1189–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00241-4
Reddy MSB, Ponnamma D, Choudhary R, Sadasivuni KK (2021) A comparative review of natural and synthetic biopolymer composite scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071105
Place ES, George JH, Williams CK, Stevens MM (2009) Synthetic polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. Chem Soc Rev 38(4):1139–1151. https://doi.org/10.1039/b811392k
Liu S, Qin S, He M, Zhou D, Qin Q, Wang H (2020) Current applications of poly(lactic acid) composites in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Compos Part B Eng 199:108238. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2020.108238
Ernesto Salzano MDS, Santacesariab E (2007) The evaluation of risks of ethoxylation reactors. Process Saf Prog 26(4):304–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/prs
Laurencin CT, Ambrosio AMA, Borden MD, Cooper JA (1999) Tissue engineering: orthopedic applications. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 1:19–46. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.19
Huang ZM, Zhang YZ, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S (2003) A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 63(15):2223–2253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00178-7
Zagho MM, Hussein EA, Elzatahry AA (2018) Recent overviews in functional polymer composites for biomedical applications. Polymers (Basel) 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10070739
Buchko CJ, Chen LC, Shen Y, Martin DC (1999) Processing and microstructural characterization of porous biocompatible protein polymer thin films. Polymer (Guildf) 40(26):7397–7407. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00866-0
Huang L, Andrew McMillan R, Apkarian RP, Pourdeyhimi B, Conticello VP, Chaikof EL (2000) Generation of synthetic elastin-mimetic small diameter fibers and fiber networks. Macromolecules 33(8):2989–2997. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma991858f
Nagavally RR (2016) Composite materials—history, types, fabrication techniques, advantages, and applications. Int J Mech Prod Eng 2:25–30
Baley C et al (2019) Specific features of flax fibres used to manufacture composite materials. Int J Mater Form 12(6):1023–1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-018-1455-y
Chuang W et al (2017) Dispersion of carbon fibers and conductivity of carbon fiber-reinforced cement-based composites. Ceram Int 43(17):15122–15132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.08.041
Glassfiber reinforced plastics (GRP) (2022) Amiblu. https://www.amiblu.com/why-grp/. Accessed 05 Jun 2022
Shokrieh MM, Rezvani S, Mosalmani R (2017) Mechanical behavior of polyester polymer concrete under low strain rate loading conditions. Polym Test 63:596–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.09.015
Członka S, Strakowska A, Strzelec K, Adamus-Włodarczyk A, Kairyte A, Vaitkus S (2019) Composites of rigid polyurethane foams reinforced with POSS. Polymers (Basel) 11(2):1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11020336
Kumar M, Kaur R (2017) Glass fiber reinforced rigid polyurethane foam: synthesis and characterization. E-Polymers 17(6):517–521. https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0072
Reignier J, Alcouffe P, Méchin F, Fenouillot F (2019) The morphology of rigid polyurethane foam matrix and its evolution with time during foaming—new insight by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 552:153–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.032
Sunardi, Sukandar EY, Sulkhani, Rahman MA (2019) Repair technique for wooden fishing boats using fiberglass. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 370(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/370/1/012081
Mohan T, Araya Z (2018) Design and fabrication of fiber reinforced boat in Eritrea 9
Tanaka R, Okubo K, Fujii T, Ono M, Sakurai A (2007) Development of a pleasure boat using bamboo fiber reinforced plastics. ICCM Int Conf Compos Mater 1–6
Kasda, Kosasih DP, Nugraha HD, Rachman M (2021) Low-cost remote control barge boat to feeder fish. J Mech Eng Res Dev 44(2):112–121
Shipping Terms (2020) Cogo Freight Pvt. Ltd. https://www.cogoport.com/shipping-terms/barge-169. Accessed 06 Jun 2022
Rubino F, Nisticò A, Tucci F, Carlone P (2020) Marine application of fiber reinforced composites: a review. J Mar Sci Eng 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8010026
Lee H, Jung K, Park H (2021) Study on structural design and analysis of composite boat hull manufactured by resin infusion simulation. Materials 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205918
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kulkarni, M.V., Boppana, S.B. (2024). Composites Overview. In: Boppana, S.B., Ramachandra, C.G., Kumar, K.P., Ramesh, S. (eds) Structural Composite Materials. Composites Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5982-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5982-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-5981-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-5982-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)