Based on biochemical reactions, the integrated rural domestic sewage treatment plant is a sewage treatment assembly that is formed in the factory through the organic combination of various functional units such as pretreatment, biochemical, sedimentation, disinfection, and sludge return with electrical components, instrument components, pipelines, automatic control systems, and equipment rooms.
Based on biochemical reactions, the integrated rural domestic sewage treatment plant is a sewage treatment assembly that is formed in the factory through the organic combination of various functional units such as pretreatment, biochemical, sedimentation, disinfection, and sludge return with electrical components, instrument components, pipelines, automatic control systems, and equipment rooms (Wen, 2016). The integrated equipment has been extensively promoted in practice as its outstanding advantages such as stable production quality, compact structure, small footprint, short construction period, low construction cost, reliable operation, and simple operation and maintenance, and it particularly conforms to the needs of rural domestic sewage treatment.
The integrated treatment equipment is divided into single household, joint household, village and town levels according to the treatment scale. The biofilm process and its derivative processes, featuring small investment, strong resistance to impact load, simple operation, and long operation and maintenance cycle, are selected for the decentralized household/joint-household integrated treatment equipment with the treated capacity less than 5 m3/d, such as multi-stage A/O biological contact oxidation process, SND biological contact oxidation process, and anaerobic biofilm process. Village-level domestic sewage treatment can be also divided into small centralized treatment (5–50 m3/d) and large centralized treatment (50–500 m3/d). The combined process of activated sludge method, such as A3/O-MBBR, improved Bardenpho-MBBR, and A/O-MBR, is adopted in the large centralized integrated treatment equipment for its strong treatment capacity, small floor space, and stable operation. Small centralized integrated treatment equipment can flexibly select biofilm process or activated sludge process in accordance with the actual sewage treatment needs.
The integrated equipment is divided into ground type, buried type and semi-buried type according to different installation methods, of which the ground type and the underground type are dominant. Buried installation is popular because of its advantages over saving land, being less affected by temperature, no noise pollution, and no damage to the landscape. It is worth noting that the installation method should be scientifically selected as per the local climate and the surrounding environment, rather than blindly pursuing the buried installation. In general, the ground or semi-buried type should be selected from the perspective of installation and maintenance, and the buried type should be selected for saving land. The integrated processing equipment has a significant difference in the appearance and structural design, main material, structural anticorrosion, and manufacturing process selection due to varied installation methods.
4.1 Ground Equipment
4.1.1 Appearance Design and Structural Design
The appearance of the integrated ground sewage treatment equipment is designed after the extensive market research, user requirement analysis, interpretation of domestic and foreign environmental protection policies, and design experiments by the industrial design team. Square boxes or cylindrical tanks are primarily adopted for their compactness in structure, small occupation of land, convenient transportation, and economical application. Moreover, the visual image is beautiful and generous with a strong sense of quality, and in harmony with the natural and living environment.
Structural stability and reasonable spatial layout should be highlighted in structural design. Structural stability under the operation of full water load should be considered prioritized to ensure that structural deformation is within a controllable range in terms of structural strength. Functional divisions should be clearly defined with clear pipelines regarding internal space layout, so as to avoid space waste and short-circuit flow. Meanwhile, the requirements of construction, operation, and maintenance should be also met.
4.1.2 Material of Main Part
Non-metallic materials and metal materials are the manufacturing materials of the integrated sewage treatment ground equipment: Non-metallic materials (or products) will suffer significant physical and chemical changes after long-term exposure to sunlight, wind and rain, high temperature, and severe cold, which may lead to a gradual decline in their performance, affecting its durability. Therefore, the ground equipment, in most cases, is made of metal materials, such as Q235 carbon structural steel, 304 stainless steel, Q355 and weathering steel. 304 stainless steel is less utilized for its cost. Its price is roughly three times as expensive as that of carbon steel. Given the mechanical properties, anti-corrosion properties, and price of comprehensive materials, weathering steel can be the main plate for ground equipment; Q355 can be used as the main component profile, and 304 stainless steel pipes and plates can be used in small quantities.
Weathering steel, or atmospheric corrosion-resistant steel, is a series of low-alloy steels between ordinary steel and stainless steel, which is composed of alloy components including corrosion-resistant elements such as copper and nickel. It can form an amorphous spinel oxide layer with a thickness of roughly 50–100 μm between the rust layer and the substrate. The dense oxide film firmly bonded to the base metal can prevent oxygen and water in the atmosphere from penetrating into the steel matrix, slowing down the corrosion development. In this way, the corrosion resistance of weathering steel can reach 2 to 8 times that of ordinary carbon steel. In general, it is used with a reinforced anti-corrosion coating with a smaller thickness of the sheet, reducing the weight and cost of the equipment.
4.1.3 Processing and Manufacturing
The manufacturing process of the integrated sewage treatment ground equipment is composed of material preparation, cutting, welding, drilling, surface treatment, assembly, testing inspection, and packaging. The main manufacturing techniques include casting, forging, bending, stamping, machining, cutting, mechanical assembly, welding, and surface treatment. Core processes of metal welding and surface treatment, as well as the mechanical assembly, testing, and inspection processes, are introduced as following.
a.
Metal welding. Manual arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas shielded welding, and electro slag welding are commonly used welding techniques. The factory automation welding technique is dominated by the carbon dioxide gas shielded welding process. The welding principle of carbon dioxide gas shielded welding is that an arc is generated between the welding wire and the weldment during welding; the welding wire is automatically fed and melted by the arc to form molten droplets before entering the molten tank. Carbon dioxide gas is sprayed via the nozzle to surround the arc and molten tank, isolating air and protecting welding metals. This process features low welding cost, high production efficiency, simple operation, high crack resistance of the weld, and a wide application range, and is especially suitable for the welding of thin, medium, and thick plates of sewage treatment equipment.
b.
Surface treatment. Pre-treatment and post-treatment are involved in equipment surface treatment. Specifically, pre-treatment mainly includes degreasing, rust removal (such as sandblasting), pickling, and phosphating (such as surface cleaning, removal of rust layer and oxide scale); and post-treatment is comprised of coating anti-corrosion, including painting or powder spraying. Coating is the most effective means of equipment anti-corrosion, which should be designed according to relevant standards. For example, the durability of anti-corrosion coatings should be investigated with the most severe atmospheric corrosion environment grade C5I and immersion environment Im3 according to the standard of GB/T30790 Anti-corrosion Protection for Steel Structure Using Paint and Varnish Protective Coatings System; and coating adhesion should be designed according to the standard of GB/T9286-1998 Cross-Cross Test of Paint and Varnish Films. The exterior of the equipment box can be coated with epoxy zinc-rich primer + modified epoxy paint + polyurethane top paint in the design of an anti-corrosion scheme with a mid-term anti-corrosion period of 10 years. And when the dry film thickness is 200 μm, it can effectively be isolated from moisture and oxygen, damaging the condition for corrosion. And the dry film thickness of 300 μm can be adopted inside the equipment with the modified epoxy paint with multi-layer polyamide curing.
c.
Mechanical assembly. The assembly process is composed of partial assembly and final assembly. Partial assembly involves the assembly of critical components such as pipelines, electrical control systems, and functional equipment; and final assembly is the process of installing components and parts to form an integrated device. Assembly should be performed in strict accordance with the drawings and process regulations. Also, the key assembly procedures should be calibrated to reduce errors and deviations to ensure the performance and functions of the assembled products.
d.
Test. A quality inspection should be performed on the integrated processing equipment before delivery according to the following points: (i) Appearance inspection is to confirm that no defect is found on the surface, including no blistering, no depression, no convex hull, and no obvious color difference with favorable flatness; (ii) Process inspection is to verify that no lack of glue, no water leakage, and no looseness can be observed in the pipeline and pipe fittings with normal valve switches, no failure, no damage, and correctly installed process equipment; (iii) A structural performance test is to confirm that the material thickness conforms to the design requirement; there is no leakage in the box or tank in the closed water test, and structural deformation meets the relevant standards; (iv) The electrical control system is tested to check that the electrical equipment is operated normally with the correct input of the control procedure.
4.2 Buried Equipment
4.2.1 Appearance and Structural Design
The integrated buried sewage treatment equipment is normally a vertical or horizontal circular tank since the mechanical property of the circular structure is superior to that of the square box structure, as shown in Fig. 4.1. There is no special requirement for visual aesthetics of the buried equipment.
Fig. 4.1
Installation of integrated sewage treatment buried (vertical and horizontal) equipment
Structural design requirements of the buried integrated treatment equipment are similar to those of the ground integrated treatment equipment as a whole, as shown in 4.1.2, with a focus on structural stability and reasonable spatial layout. The overburden pressure at no-load, the buoyancy generated by groundwater, the load of maintenance personnel, and the snow load should also be considered in the design of structural strength in addition to the structural stability under the operation of full water load. The appropriate ring stiffness is determined through deformation check calculation, strength calculation, and buckling instability calculation, to avoid excessively small ring stiffness of the equipment, excessive structural deformation and buckling instability caused by external pressure loads, or excessive ring stiffness and large section inertia moment, material waste and cost overspending.
4.2.2 Material of Main Part
The structure of the buried integrated treatment equipment is mainly made of non-metallic materials such as PPH, HDPE, and FRP (Table 4.1). Among them, FRP has been widely utilized in Japanese johkasous thanks to its high strength and low cost; PPH and HDPE, as renewable materials and environmentally friendly, have been widely used in recent years although they are expensive.
Table 4.1 Comparison of commonly used materials for buried equipment
The manufacturing process of the non-metal buried tank is composed of material preparation, cutting, molding, welding, drilling, surface treatment, mechanical assembly, testing inspection, and packaging. Of which, the processes of mechanical assembly, commissioning and inspection are similar to those in 4.1.3. The difference lies in the fact that welding and surface treatment is highlighted in the ground metal box manufacturing, while non-metal forming processes, such as extrusion winding, rotational molding, blow molding, winding bonding, and SMC molding are highlighted in non-metal tank manufacturing.
a.
Extrusion winding. The process is extensively applied in the manufacturing of the PP material tank of large volume for the integrated equipment. It hot-melts the PPH pellets and molds them into a tank outside of the steel mold using a spiral extrusion winding unit. With a production efficiency 5–8 times higher than that of the manual process, its product has favorable performance, such as no joints, corrosion resistance, leakage resistance, and high aesthetics.
b.
Rotational molding. It is a hollow molding method of thermoplastic, which is extensively used in the manufacturing of PE material tanks of large volumes for the integrated equipment. Plastic raw materials are firstly added to the mold that is continuously rotated and heated along two vertical axes. On this basis, the plastic raw materials are uniformly coated, melted, and adhered to the entire surface of the mold cavity under the action of gravity and thermal energy. After that, the product is obtained upon cooling and shaping. The process is characterized by low-cost tools and molds, flexible production, the capability of forming large and complex tanks, and a beautiful appearance.
c.
Blow molding. It is a plastic treatment method that is developed rapidly and extensively applied in the manufacturing of PE material tanks of small volumes for the integrated equipment. The thermoplastic resin is extruded to form a tubular plastic parison during blow molding, which is placed in a split mold in a hot state (or heated to a softened state). Then, compressed air is injected into the parison immediately after closed molds, so that the parison is inflated and adhered to the inner wall of the mold. After that, various hollow tanks can be obtained upon cooling and demolding. The process is characterized by low-cost tools and molds, fast production, the capability of forming complex tanks, and a beautiful appearance.
d.
Winding and bonding. It is one of the main manufacturing processes of resin-based composite materials. To be concrete, the fiber or cloth tape with resin glue is continuously, uniformly, and regularly winded on the core mold or lining with the special winding equipment under the condition of controlled tension and predetermined line shape, which is then finalized into a composite product of a certain shape in a certain temperature environment. It is widely used in the manufacturing of integrated equipment FRP material tanks of large volumes. And it is characterized by customized winding method, and customized winding law according to the stress condition of the product. The weight of winding vessels can be reduced by 40–60% compared with the steel vessels with the same volume and pressure. It also features low cost, and several materials (incl. resin, fiber and lining) can be selected and used in the same product to achieve the best economic effect.
e.
SMC molding. This process is a process of firstly cutting the chopped fiber, resin, carrier and other sheets as per parameters such as product size, shape, thickness, and weight, then superimposing and placing them in the heated metal mold cavity, and finalizing and curing as per the set pressurizing method. It features simple operation, automation, a short production period (3–5 min), and the formation of products with smooth surfaces and complex structures. The manufactured products have excellent electrical insulation, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance.
Moreover, the structural performance test of the buried integrated treatment equipment should be carried out in a special sand pit in accordance with the Small domestic sewage treatment equipment evaluation and certification rules (T/CCPITCUDC-002-2021). The configuration of the anti-floating accessory must be considered in the equipment. Also, the inspection well must be locked and equipped with safety nets to prevent falling.
4.3 Automatic Control and Cloud Management System
The automatic control system is an automatic adjustment device or automatic program control device to control different process parameters, working states and production processes for a specific control object, which is in conformity with complex industrial control needs.
The “operation-free, low-maintenance” equipment requiring no special personnel to regularly adjust the process with the low difficulty in operation and maintenance is absolutely a need for rural sewage treatment plants with the characteristics of varied sites, discrete distribution, few professional operation and maintenance personnel, and low budget (Wang, 2018). In that case, the rural sewage integrated treatment equipment must be combined with digital means to ensure equipment operation, improve operation and maintenance efficiency and reduce costs.
Given the characteristics of the rural sewage integrated treatment equipment, the performance requirements of its automatic control system are halfway between civil and industrial applications. Also, simplified design should be performed on the premise of satisfying the requirements of process control, together with configurations such as standard data interfaces, communication protocol and communication network required for automatic control.
4.3.1 Traditional PLC Automatic Control System
a.
System Composition and Application Principle
PLC controller is the most commonly used logic control unit in the field of industrial automation control, and is widely used in the control system of municipal sewage treatment plants as well as parts of small and medium-sized sewage treatment devices.
Taking Hexu Chinese horizontal tank equipment as an example, the PLC system is constituted by a control cabinet and an external configuration. Specifically, the control cabinet is composed of key components such as circuit breakers, residual current protectors, lightning arresters, 24 V DC switching power supplies, PLC controllers, PLC analog expansion modules, switches, and gateways (Hexu or third-party), HMI touch screen, intermediate relays, thermal overload relays, current transformers, and fuses. The actuator with analog quantity and RS485 communication bus interface or sensors such as the liquid level gauge, the water quality sensor and the proportional valve are optional external configurations based on the process requirements. Standard Modbus interface protocols should be reserved in the control cabinet for third-party central control or cloud platform access control.
The principle of its equipment control system is shown in Fig. 4.2. With the PLC controller and switch as its core, parameter setting can be carried out via either the HMI touch screen or the third-party gateway or centralized control device. In the automatic control mode, the inlet liquid flow meter, the inlet temperature transmitter, and high-low liquid level float switches of the lifting tank work as input signals to output signals through the PLC controller to the lifting tank lifting pump and the equalization tank lifting pump for automatic operation. Residual current protectors, circuit breakers, and lightning arresters are utilized to ensure the electrical safety of the equipment.
Fig. 4.2
Application principle of PLC controller in the Chinese horizontal tank equipment
24 V power supply (system); Residual current protective device, breaker, lightning arrester; 24 V switching power supplies (Electrolysis for phosphorus removal);
The control logic that should be realized in the control system of the integrated treatment equipment for rural domestic sewage includes:
Manual control, automatic control, semi-automatic commissioning, one in service and one standby control, group control, liquid level control, ultra-high liquid level protection, standby operation, interval operation, alternate operation between active and standby facilities, active-standby failover, on delay, off delay, and fault alarm.
4.3.2 Internet of Things (IoT) Automatic Control System
a.
R&D Background
Although it is characterized by robust performance, simple programming, fast design, and ease to use (Zhang et al., 2017), the PLC controller has the following problems when applied to the rural sewage treatment equipment:
i.
The PLC controller with a variety of discrete components should be customized for the wiring design and gateway configuration. Its high cost and large control cabinetsare unmatched by the small-tonnage sewage treatment equipment.
ii.
The fault of the PLC electrical control cabinet should be handled by professional electrical engineers, rather than those operation and maintenance personnel with the basic knowledge of electricity.
iii.
As there are normally two or more units acting as the equipment provider and the cloud platform provider, the owner shall closely connect with them to better understand the equipment principle, platform business, and the B&Rdging between equipment and platform (generally refers to the gateway, communication agreement involving two or more parties). Otherwise, the period, cost, quality, and performance of platform building cannot be guaranteed.
iv.
Since there are many PLC manufacturers, large differences can be found in the existing PLC control system. In such a context, large costs will be spent for docking, rectification and commissioning during equipment informatization, which may lead to unsatisfactory monitoring effect.
v.
At present, the small and medium-sized sewage treatment equipment on the market has a control complexity normally lower than that of conventional household appliances and industrial devices, but have high operation failure rates because of factors such as the complicated outdoor environment.
To address the above problems, it is of great necessity to develop an automatic control system for the small and medium-sized sewage treatment equipment in accordance with design requirements such as low cost, high space utilization, low failure rate, standardization, and informatization.
b.
Technical Scheme
IoT automatic control technical scheme for varying application scenarios is developed for achieving automatic control with low cost, high space utilization, low failure rate, standardization, and informatization based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in combination with application scenarios, equipment technology, and operation and maintenance requirements as well as user’s habit of decentralized sewage treatment equipment.
Concise system design is a must for the miniaturized application scenario. The Hexu H1 series IoT controller is taken as an example, with the main structure shown in Fig. 4.3. The system can meet the plug-and-play requirements of household/multi-household decentralized integrated sewage treatment equipment by integrating PLC, analog expansion modules, gateways, intermediate relays, current transformers, thermal overload relay, and electric energy meters, fuses, and even DC power supplies and electrical wiring.
Electric energy meter; Intermediate relay; current transformer; PLC analog expanding modules (4 circuits*3); Thermal overload relay (*3); Fuse; Electrical wiring;
H1 Series IoT Controller.
DC; PLC; Third-party gateway.
The equipment control system that is simple, standard, easily maintained and expandable is essential for efficient operation and maintenance of sewage treatment equipment in large and medium-sized application scenarios such as village sewage treatment.
Hence, Hexu developed the X1 series “IoT gateway + output module + input module” combined technical solution that can be freely matched. Among them, the IoT gateway integrates PLC and third-party gateways; the output module integrates energy meters, intermediate relays, current transformers, PLC analog expansion modules, thermal overload relays, fuses and electrical wiring; and the input module integrates PLC, PLC digital input expansion module, and RS485 expansion, as shown in Fig. 4.4. The technical scheme can be flexibly adjusted according to the scale, characteristics, and requirements of the application scenario, which can effectively meet the automatic control requirements of small-scale/large-scale integrated sewage treatment equipment.
H1 series and X1 series IoT controllers are characterized by:
i.
Robust performance. The controller integrates a 32-bit high-performance processor and rich communication interfaces and directly accesses the Internet through 4G/Cat1 and other mobile cellular networks to realize remote information monitoring. It also integrates power supply (H1 series), processor, 4G baseband, input, output, sensors, protectors, standardized control software, cloud platform access programs and other software and hardware, requiring no need for secondary development by users.
ii.
Comprehensive functions. Manual control, automatic control, semi-automatic commissioning, one in service and one standby control, group control, liquid level control, ultra-high liquid level protection, standby operation, timing operation, interval operation, alternate operation between active and standby facilities, active-standby failover, on delay, off delay, voltage regulation, current regulation, voltage direction regulation, voltage measurement, current measurement, electric energy measuring, overload alarm, and open circuit alarm can be implemented in the equipment.
iii.
Safe and reliable. The voltage, current and power of the control loop can be monitored in real-time with an intelligent diagnosis of abnormalities, which can prevent equipment failure or further damage to the load equipment, thus lowering the system failure rate.
iv.
Universality. It can be extensively used in smart water affairs, smart agriculture, smart buildings, smart cities, and the fields that involve the control of IoT. The input voltage of the H1 series controller adopts the universe ultra-wide voltage range of 85–264 VAC considering the adaptability of the power supply.
d.
System Principle
The electrical control system based on the X1 IoT controller of Hexu Chinese horizontal tank equipment is taken as an example. The system with AC220V/50Hz civil power supply can realize the joint control of lifting pump, air pump, solenoid valve, metering pump, liquid electromagnetic flowmeter, temperature sensor, gas pressure sensor, hydrogen sulfide detector and other devices or online monitoring instruments. It supports the full Netcom 4G/LTE Cat1 IoT communication network, and can directly access to the Hexu village sewage treatment management cloud platform by inserting the 4G data traffic card. Users can easily achieve remote monitoring of equipment via the platform’s Web front-end or mobile Android end, and also conduct on-site monitoring and commissioning through the well-designed HMI touch screen interface. It can be operated without complex training. The principle of the whole control system is shown in Fig. 4.5.
Fig. 4.5
X1 series Internet of Things controller in the Chinese horizontal tank equipment
X1 series IoT gateway, as the core control unit in the system, is responsible for logic control, data processing, and network communication. The X1 series input module can realize data acquisition of external switching devices and instruments, and the output module can achieve data acquisition for power control and current monitoring of external load equipment as well as the control of electrolytic dephosphorization drivers.
e.
Control Logic
The electrical control system based on the X1 IoT controller in Hexu Chinese horizontal tank equipment is taken as an example. With simple process control requirements, the logic of basic function shown in Table 4.2 can be achieved through the IoT controller.
Table 4.2 Basic functional logics of human–machine interface of the automatic control system of HeXu Chinese horizontal tank
Human-machine interface (HMI) is the interface for the information interaction between humans and machines. The mainstream interface form is the touch screen interface that greatly simplifies the system complexity compared with the traditional physical buttons and regulating devices, improving efficiency of information interaction, and allowing users to better understand and control the device more intuitively. Normally, the HMI of the equipment automatic control system is composed of functions shown in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Human–machine interface functions of the automatic control system
The page design style of the HMI has no specific requirements, but should be conducted in accordance with the basic principles of simplicity and ease of use, flexible operation, clear logic, and complete functions. Examples of some functional blocks of the HMI are presented (Fig. 4.6).
Fig. 4.6
Example of human–machine interface of the automatic control system of HeXu Chinese horizontal tank
There are a variety of manufacturers engaging in integrated treatment equipment for rural domestic sewage at home and abroad, with significant differences in their respective processes and technical schemes of automatic control systems.
The automatic control system should be designed with the industry-standard general communication interfaces, communication protocols, and data formats with an open data variable address table provided, so as to reduce data exchange barriers between different manufacturers’ equipment as well as between equipment and third-party monitoring.
Industrial standard interfaces are adopted as communication interfaces, including RS232, RS485, RS422, CAN, and RJ45 (Ethernet).
Conventional industrial communication protocols should be adopted, of which MODBUS and TCP/IP protocols are the most commonly used, and the MQTT protocol is the most potential industrial IoT protocol in the current Industry 4.0 era.
The data format is a format for data exchange. Not much data is required in the integrated rural sewage treatment equipment. In principle, a lightweight data format is adopted. In this way, people can read and write easily; and machine parsing and data format generation can be easily performed, such as the most ideal general format JSON (JavaScript Object Notation).
Data variable, as a core carrier of the communication interface, communication protocol and data format, determines the specific content of data exchange between the automatic control system and the third party. It is usually set during procedure design.
4.3.3 Cloud Management System
The rural sewage treatment system is formed by a great deal of integrated sewage treatment equipment with a fixed technical process. In that case, if operation and maintenance personnel are required onsite for routine inspection and maintenance, problems such as low operation and maintenance efficiency, difficulty in operation and maintenance as well as huge costs will be caused. The cloud management and control system constructed using advanced technologies such as cloud technology, IoT, big data, and mobile Internet can remarkably enhance the operation and management efficiency of rural decentralized sewage treatment plants, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and ensure their normal and the quality of treated water. Furthermore, all work links can be seamlessly connected with the cloud management system based on the combination of PC and mobile APP, contributing to solving the problem of the previous system failing to be implemented after construction.
a.
Composition of the Cloud Management System
The “cloud” refers to a resource pool consisting of virtual resources, storage, applications, and services. In other words, it can be interpreted as the software and hardware resources of the server being virtualized into different services, such as the software as a service (SaaS), the platform as a service (PaaS), and the infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
The information cloud management system pertains to the IaaS service model, which constitutes the equipment informatization management service platform through integrating the equipment end (control data of control unit, sensing data of online instrument, and image data of camera), the IoT end (equipment data are acquired, processed and transmitted via gateways or data acquisition instrument), and the cloud platform end (data processing service, computing service and application software service), as shown in Fig. 4.7.
Fig. 4.7
Cloud management system framework for the integrated rural sewage treatment equipment
The composition of the cloud management system of the integrated rural sewage treatment equipment is shown in Fig. 4.7.
Online remote management of equipment or facilities can be implemented through the establishment of a cloud management system. As can be seen from Fig. 4.8, the X1 series IoT control system equipment exchanges data with the cloud platform via the MQTT protocol, and the platform end can synchronously monitor all states and data of the equipment ends in real-time, realizing functions such as combined logic control, data statistical analysis, and fault management.
Fig. 4.8
Application scenario of X1 series IoT control system in equipment informatization cloud management
The PC end function of the cloud management system for the integrated rural sewage treatment equipment should be designed as per the actual usage conditions and business needs to meet the requirements of centralized management, diversified business, intuitive information, comprehensive data, simultaneous monitoring, and remote control. In general, the contents shown in Table 4.4 should be involved in the functional modules of the PC end. The web interface of the cloud management system should be also designed in line with the basic principles of simplicity, easy to use, flexible operation, clear logic, and complete functions (Fig. 4.9).
Table 4.4 Functions in PC end of cloud management system of integrated rural sewage treatment equipment
The mobile end function of the cloud management system for the integrated rural sewage treatment equipment should be designed as per the business needs and the workflow of the operation and maintenance personnel as well as in accordance with the requirements of convenience, real-time monitoring, intuitive information, timely notification, simultaneous video, quick navigation, flexibility, and high efficiency. In general, the contents shown in Table 4.5 should be involved in the functional modules of the mobile end of the cloud management system. The mobile end (mobile phone) interface should be also designed in accordance with the basic principles of simplicity, easy to use, flexible operation, clear logic, and complete functions. An example of the equipment commissioning interface is shown in Fig. 4.10.
Table 4.5 List of functions in mobile terminal of cloud management system of integrated rural sewage treatment equipment
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