Abstract
It is well known that advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as cloud computing and sensor networking have allowed for collection, processing and application of vast amounts of data and information to monitor and control the urban systems. Web-based tools are used to gather information about street conditions and their level of support for walking and cycling. Walking audits consider and promote walkability as a viable form of transport.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
National Computer Board (1992, p. 10).
- 3.
Arun and Yap (2000) outline the IT arrangements at home, at work, on the road, in public service and in the court room.
- 4.
As reported by the World Bank. See https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=SG. Accessed 20 July 2022.
- 5.
Speech delivered by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at Smart Nation Launch on 24 November 2014. Available on https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/transcript-prime-minister-lee-hsien-loongs-speech-smart-nation-launch-24-november. Accessed 8 July 2022.
- 6.
Willems and Graham (2019, p. 520).
- 7.
Extracted from https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/about-smart-nation/sndgg. Accessed on 2 July 2022.
- 8.
Barter (2013).
- 9.
Google Maps, Greg Bensinger told us, includes listings of fake businesses. See Bensinger (2021).
- 10.
Toh (2021, December 19).
- 11.
For details, see https://www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Planning/Master-Plan/Urban-Transformations/Punggol-Digital-District. Accessed on 3 August 2022.
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Liow Li Sa, M., Choon-Yin, S. (2023). Smart Nation and Walkability in Singapore. In: Sustainable Urban Development in Singapore. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5451-3_9
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