Abstract
China’s economic reform and opening up has ushered rapid economic growth in China. In pursuit of economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, the development scales of land, water, minerals, and energy resources have increased sharply. With the aggravation of environmental pollution and the weakening of ecosystem functions, the upper limit of resource supply, environmental constraints, and ecological security have become the key factors impeding the sustainable development of human society. Given the massive consumption rates of natural resources, to protect the global ecosystem, natural resources must be rationally and efficiently utilized. Particularly, the problems of resource depletion and environmental degradation in China are becoming increasingly severe. Thus, it is necessary to determine different natural resources utilization modes for different regions of China. Although technological progress can reduce the pressure on resources and the environment to a certain extent, most developing countries will eventually destroy the sustainable development of natural resources by sacrificing natural resources and the environment for development motives. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the utilization of natural resources in China, build an evaluation index system for efficient utilization of natural resources, and formulate a comprehensive resource management strategy.
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Notes
- 1.
Data come from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
- 2.
Data come from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
- 3.
Data are from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
- 4.
Data source: China Water Resource Bulletin 2019.
- 5.
Data source: China Water Resource Bulletin 2019.
- 6.
Data source: China Water Resource Bulletin 2019.
- 7.
Data source: Ministry of Water Resources of People’s Republic of China.
- 8.
Data source: Ministry of Water Resources of People’s Republic of China.
- 9.
Ranking of population density of countries and regions in the world 2018, “Which Country or Region Has the Largest Population Density—World Population 2019,” World population, July 3, 2018.
- 10.
The data come from the official website of the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China.
- 11.
Data come from the National Energy Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
- 12.
Data come from the news release of the National Mine Safety Administration of China.
- 13.
Data come from the China National Bureau of Statistics.
- 14.
Data come from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China.
- 15.
Data come from the Bulletin on the Status of China’s Land Greening 2018.
- 16.
Data come from the China Marine Statistical Yearbook 2017.
- 17.
The data are from the China Business Information Network.
- 18.
The data are from the Statistical Bulletin of China’s Marine Economy 2020.
- 19.
Due to the lack of data, this section evaluates the efficient utilization of marine resources with different variables and in different coastal areas.
- 20.
The 11 areas are Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, and Guangxi.
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Song, M., Ding, T., Chen, J. (2023). Index System, Method, and Application of Natural Resources Evaluation. In: Natural Resources Utilization in China. Contributions to Public Administration and Public Policy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4981-6_2
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