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Evaluating the Role of Gasification Stages on Evolution of Fuel-N to Deepen in Sustainable Production of NH3

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Production of N-containing Chemicals and Materials from Biomass

Part of the book series: Biofuels and Biorefineries ((BIOBIO,volume 12))

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Abstract

In this chapter, pyrolysis of meat and bone meal (MBM) with two types of reactors and gasification of produced pyrolysis char under different atmospheres are shown for estimating contributions to fuel-N distribution from MBM gasification. Formation of the main nitrogen-containing (N-containing) compounds was studied: char-N, tar-N, NH3-N, HCN-N and N2-N. Argon was used in pyrolysis experiments and argon+O2 and argon+O2 + steam mixtures were used for char gasification that allowed quantification of N2 generated. The experimental results showed that NH3 formation was hardly affected by pyrolysis temperature in the studied range from 600 °C to 800 °C or by the reactor type (fixed or fluidized). However, on the matter of tar-N yield, the range and type of reactor greatly affected its production from 21% at 600 °C for fixed beds to 3% at 800 °C in the fluidized bed. Pyrolysis char gasification using steam as one of the gasifying agents greatly affects NH3 production, from 0.1% with O2 + Ar to 13.8% with O2 + Ar + steam. The most abundant N-containing compound obtained in the pyrolysis step was NH3 (33–35%). For the char gasification step, the most abundant N-containing compounds were N2 (35–45%) and NH3 (13.8%). An extensive analysis of tar-N was performed that allowed point relevant differences to be determined between the tar-N composition of pyrolysis at 600 °C in the fixed bed and at 800 °C in the fluidized bed. Neither HCN nor NO were obtained in appreciable quantities in this work. The results obtained throughout the experiments explains 50% of the NH3 and N2 yields on the overall MBM gasification process. Among the stages studied, the pyrolysis stage and char gasification in the presence of steam contribute significantly to NH3 production, although the tar-N cracking and reforming reactions could also have a noteworthy effect on NH3 production.

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Abbreviations

%:

used when the percentage is the same referred to moles or mass, as for example un fuel-N distribution

ATR-FTIR:

attenuated total reflection—fourier transform infrared

BAT:

Best available techniques

DKP:

Diketopiperazines

GasArO2:

Char gasification at 800 °C with Ar and O2

GasArO2H2O:

Char gasification at 800 °C with Ar, O2 and H2O

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GJ:

Giga Joule

HACA:

Hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition

MBM:

Meat and bone meal

Mt.:

Million tonnes

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Pyr600Fix:

Pyrolysis at 600 °C in fixed bed

Pyr600Flu:

Pyrolysis at 600 °C in fluidized bed

Pyr800Flu:

Pyrolysis at 800 °C in fluidized bed

STP:

Standard temperature and pressure (0 °C and 1 atm)

vol%:

vol percentage

wt%:

Weight percentage

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thermochemical Processes Group, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Fernando Léo, Noemí Gil-Lalaguna, Zainab Afailal & Isabel Fonts

  2. Center for Excellence in Thermal and Distributed Generation (NEST), Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil

    Fernando Léo, Rubenildo Andrade & Electo Lora

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  1. Fernando Léo
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  2. Noemí Gil-Lalaguna
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  3. Zainab Afailal
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  4. Rubenildo Andrade
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  6. Isabel Fonts
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Correspondence to Isabel Fonts .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Zhen Fang

  2. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Richard Lee Smith Jr

  3. Biomass Group, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

    Lujiang Xu

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Léo, F., Gil-Lalaguna, N., Afailal, Z., Andrade, R., Lora, E., Fonts, I. (2023). Evaluating the Role of Gasification Stages on Evolution of Fuel-N to Deepen in Sustainable Production of NH3. In: Fang, Z., Smith Jr, R.L., Xu, L. (eds) Production of N-containing Chemicals and Materials from Biomass. Biofuels and Biorefineries, vol 12. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4580-1_12

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