Understanding Neural Tube Defects: Abnormalities in Spinal Cord Development

Abstract

Neural tube defects are congenital anomalies that arise from incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. The neural tube serves as the precursor to the brain and spinal cord, and its proper closure is crucial for healthy spinal cord and brain development. The process of neural tube closure, or neurulation, involves intricate cellular and molecular events that take place in the early stages of embryonic development. The chapter offers an overview of neurulation and the development of the spinal cord and brain. It outlines the various stages of neurulation and the factors that can impact neural tube closure. The chapter also explains the different types of neural tube defects, such as anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, and their effects on spinal cord and brain function. Additionally, it explains the differences between primary and secondary neurulation, which are two distinct processes that occur during neural tube closure. Primary neurulation is responsible for the development of the brain and spinal cord in the cranial and spinal regions, while secondary neurulation takes place in the lower part of the spinal cord and contributes to the formation of the caudal spinal cord. Having an understanding of the concepts of neurulation and neural tube defects is crucial for individuals involved in caring for those with these conditions. The chapter provides valuable insights into potential abnormalities in spinal cord development and the care of individuals with neural tube defects.