Conclusion

Abstract

In this chapter, the findings of the previous chapters are explained first, and then the findings of this book are compared with previous research. Finally, the opportunities for future research and the conclusion are presented. Stress-relief urban planning, as planning closely related to urban mental health and improving the quality of urban life, is very important in this century. In fact, the findings of this book reveal that urban mental health and urban stress have direct and indirect mutual effects on each other. Also, the level of urban stress can be evaluated by the indicators identified in the dimensions of use and activity, physical form, transportation, environmental, social, economic, cultural, housing, and individual traits. The indicators extracted from theoretical studies are classified into two groups: (a) indicators that increase urban stress and reduce urban mental health, including psycho-cultural deprivation, building density, sensory overload, modern architectural style, traffic density, stressful urban design, crowding, air pollution, immigration, crime, social deprivation, violence, economic deprivation, ethnic minority, population density, time pressure and waste of time, and noise pollution; and (b) indicators that reduce urban stress and increase urban mental health, including access to resources and services, social support, social capital, spatial diversity, social diversity, social interactions, local integration, green space and access to it, sense of belonging, identity, justice in the city, social cohesion, participation rate, urban sustainability, vitality, resilience, controllability and predictability of the environment, and view of the city environment up to 10 m.