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Characteristics of Natural Organic Matter and Trihalomethanes Formation in the Southern Part of Songkhla Lake Basin

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Environment and Sustainable Development (ACESD 2022)

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Abstract

The characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in water sources may be significant for regulating NOM and limiting the production of disinfection by-products. NOM surrogate measures such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance at a wavelength of 254 nm (UV-254), specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA), and fluorescence excitation-emission (FEEM) were utilized to evaluate NOM qualities related to trihalomethanes (THMs) generation by chlorination from diverse water sources in the southern part of the Songkhla lake basin (SLB), such as the water sample of the reservoir (n = 3), the water well (n = 2), and the canal (n = 10). The canal had the highest DOC concentration (5.12–5.89 mg/L), followed by the reservoir (2.05–2.32 mg/L) and the well (2.12–2.23 mg/L). The results for the lowest SUVA values indicated that NOM was present in the water well and that aromatic proteins and SMP-like compounds predominated in the canal. The results of FEEM spectroscopy indicated that tryptophan-like chemicals (240 nmEx/360 nmEm and 260 nmEx/360 nmEm) were the predominant DOM in community wastewater discharged into the SLB compared to humic and fulvic acid-like substances (280 nmEx/410 nmEm, 340 nmEx/410 nmEm, 330 nmEx/440 nmEm). The highest concentration of THMs was found in the canal (560–736 μg/L), followed by the water sample from the reservoir (146–390 μg/L), and the lowest concentration was found in the water well (120–312 μg/L). The reservoir had a significantly higher THMs/DOC ratio than the canal and the water well. The mixture of NOM originating from terrestrial and microbiological sources contributed to NOM fractions. Low molecular weight NOM, aromatic proteins, and water soluble microbial metabolites can all be used as reactants to make THM.

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Acknowledgements

This research is integrated with the subject of watershed and Songkhla Lake Basin (4463206) in the environmental science program, faculty of science and technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University. The author wishes to thank the Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation Division of Songkhla Province for supporting this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science in Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand

    Kamonnawin Inthanuchit

  2. Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation Division of Songkhla Province, Office of Arts and Cultural, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand

    Kamonnawin Inthanuchit

  3. Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Kochakorn Sukjan Inthanuchit

Authors
  1. Kamonnawin Inthanuchit
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  2. Kochakorn Sukjan Inthanuchit
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Correspondence to Kamonnawin Inthanuchit .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Keiji Ujikawa

  2. Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan

    Mikio Ishiwatari

  3. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France

    Eric van Hullebusch

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Inthanuchit, K., Inthanuchit, K.S. (2023). Characteristics of Natural Organic Matter and Trihalomethanes Formation in the Southern Part of Songkhla Lake Basin. In: Ujikawa, K., Ishiwatari, M., Hullebusch, E.v. (eds) Environment and Sustainable Development. ACESD 2022. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4101-8_3

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