Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Syzygium Aromaticum and Thymus Vulgaris Extracts Against Some Oral Pathogens

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Environment and Sustainable Development (ACESD 2022)

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ESE))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 89 Accesses

Abstract

A variety of bacterial flora inhabit the oral cavity. It is known that some of these bacteria species can lead to oral illnesses in people. Toothpaste eliminates odor and removes stains. This study investigated the impact of different toothpastes containing silver nanoparticles produced by extracts of medicinal plants on dental caries causing bacteria isolated from human teeth. Clove Syzygium aromaticum was chosen as the plant. Sesquiterpenes (a- and b-calyophyllenes), phenols (eugenol with about 3% of acetyl eugenol and trace amount of esters, alcohols, and ketones make up 81–95% of its chemical composition. Thymus vulgaris contains 1,2 Benzene dicarboxylic acid, 3 nitro (CAS), thymol, phenol, 2 methyl 5 (1 methylethyle), and these components in that order (48.75%, 32.42% and 8.12%, respectively). The produced AgNPs were examined using FTIR and UV–Vis (ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy), and their antibacterial activity was confirmed when tested on oral Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms that were present in the oral cavity. The Syzygium aromaticum-AgNPs, with 21.0 ± 1.64 and 17.0 ± 2.5 mm, respectively, and T. vulgaris-AgNPs with 17.0 ± 2.5 and 16.0 ± 1.17 mm, respectively, had the highest inhibition zone, both of these had higher activity when compared to NPs mixed with three different commercial toothpaste. Our findings imply that AgNPs made with clove and thyme can function as potent growth inhibitors in a variety of oral microorganisms. Future studies will reveal the routes of administration and cytotoxic assays, which can help in the medicines for oral health or medical usage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kesharwani P, Gorain B, Low SY, Tan SA, Ling ECS, Lim YK et al (2018) Nanotechnology based approaches for anti-diabetic drugs delivery. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 136:52–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sivaraj A, Kumar V, Sunder R, Parthasarathy K, Kasivelu G (2020) Commercial yeast extracts mediated green synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles and their anti-mycobacterial activity. J Clust Sci 31:287–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jain AS, Pawar PS, Sarkar A, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S (1993) Bionanofactories for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: toward antimicrobial applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021:22

    Google Scholar 

  4. Singh P, Mijakovic I (2022) Rowan berries: a potential source for green synthesis of extremely monodisperse gold and silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial property. Pharmaceutics 14:82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Inbakandan D, Venkatesan R, Khan SA (2010) Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles utilizing marine sponge Acanthella elongata. Colloid. Surface B 812:634–639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mira A, Simon Soro A, Curtis M (2017) Role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and caries. J Clin Periodontol 44:S23–S38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Frencken JE, Sharma P, Stenhouse L, Green D, Laverty D, Dietrich T (2017) Global epidemiology of dental caries and severe periodontitis–a comprehensive review. J Clin Periodontol 44:S94–S105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Nedeljkovic I, De Munck J, Vanloy A, Declerck D, Lambrechts P, Peumans M et al (2020) Secondary caries: prevalence, characteristics, and approach. Clin Oral Invest 24(2):683–691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Casciaro B, Calcaterra A, Cappiello F, Mori M, Loffredo MR, Ghirga F et al (2019) Nigritanine as a new potential antimicrobial alkaloid for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-induced infections. Toxins 11(9):511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Oves M, Aslam M, Rauf MA, Qayyum S, Qari HA, Khan MS et al (2018) Antimicrobial and anticancer activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the root hair extract of Phoenix dactylifera. Mater Sci Eng, C 89:429–443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Samuel MS, Jose S, Selvarajan E, Mathimani T, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; application for cytotoxicity effect on A549 cell line and photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol. J Photochem Photobiol, B 202:111642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Schmalz G, Hickel R, van Landuyt KL, Reichl F-X (2017) Nanoparticles in dentistry. Dent Mater 33(11):1298–1314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. McShan D, Ray PC, Yu H (2014) Molecular toxicity mechanism of nanosilver. J Food Drug Anal 22

    Google Scholar 

  14. Souto EB, Silva GF, Dias-Ferreira J, Zielinska A, Ventura F, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Novellino E, Santini A (2020) Nanopharmaceutics: Part I—Clinical trials legislation and good manufacturing practices (GMP) of nanotherapeutics in the EU. Pharmaceutics 12:146

    Google Scholar 

  15. Yeung AWK, Souto EB, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Novellino E, Tewari D, Wang D, Atanasov AG, Santini A (2020) Big impact of nanoparticles: analysis of the most cited nanopharmaceuticals and nanonutraceuticals research. Curr Res Biotechnol 2(53–63):116–127

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sotoodehnia P, Mazlan N, MohdSaud H, Samsuri WA, Habib SH, Soltangheisi A (2019) Minimuminhibitory concentration of nano-silver bactericides for beneficial microbes and its effect on Ralstonia solanacearum and seed germination of Japanese Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). PeerJ 7:e6418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Pulit-Prociak J, Banach M (2016) Silver nanoparticles—a material of the future … ? Open Chem 14:76–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Banach M, Tymczyna L, Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A, Pulit-Prociak J (2016) Nanosilver biocidal properties and their application in disinfection of hatchers in poultry processing plants. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2016:5214783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Qasim M, Udomluck N, Chang J, Park H, Kim K (2018) Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-based polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Nanomed 13:235–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Qais FA, Shafiq A, Khan HM, Husain FM, Khan RA, Alenazi B, Alsalme A, Ahmad I (2019) Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Murraya koenigii (L.) against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2019:4649506

    Google Scholar 

  21. Banas JA, Takanami E, Hemsley RM, Villhauer A, Zhu M, Qian F, Marolf A, Drake DR (2020) Evaluating the relationship between acidogenicity and acid tolerance for oral streptococci from children with or without a history of caries. J Oral Microbiol 12:1688449. https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2019.1688449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Siddhant J, Mohan MS (2017) Medicinal plant leaf extract and pure flavonoid Mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antibacterial property Sci Rep 7(1)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wassel MO, Khattab MA (2017) Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and inhibition of bacterial induced enamel demineralization of propolis, miswak, and chitosan nanoparticles based dental varnishes. J Adv Res 8(4):387–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Huang J, Mo X, Fu H, Sun Y, Gao Q, Chen X et al (2021) Tyndall-effect-enhanced supersensitive naked-eye determination of mercury (II) ions with silver nanoparticles. Sens Actuators, B Chem 344:130218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Durán N, Durán M, De Jesus MB, Seabra AB, Fávaro WJ, Nakazato G (2016) Silver nanoparticles: a new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomed: Nanotechnol, Biol Med 12(3):789–99

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mystrioti C, Xanthopoulou T, Tsakiridis P, Papassiopi N, Xenidis A (2016) Comparative evaluation of five plant extracts and juices for nanoiron synthesis and application for hexavalent chromium reduction. Sci Total Environ 539:105–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yee MS-L, Khiew P-S, Chiu WS, Tan YF, Kok Y-Y, Leong C-O (2016) Green synthesis of graphene-silver nanocomposites and its application as a potent marine antifouling agent. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 148:392–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Miyoshi JH, Castro JC, Fenelon VC, Garcia FP, Nakamura CV, Nogueira AC, Ueda-Nakamura T, de Souza HM, Mangolim CS, Moura-Costa GF (2022) Essential oil characterization of Ocimum basilicum and Syzygium aromaticum free and complexed with β-cyclodextrin. Determination of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 102:117

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mei ML, Lo EC, Chu C (2018) Arresting dentine caries with silver diamine fluoride: what’s behind it? J Dent Res 97(7):751–758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hernández-Gómora AE, Lara-Carrillo E, Robles-Navarro JB, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Hernández-López S, Medina-Solís CE et al (2017) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles on orthodontic elastomeric modules: evaluation of mechanical and antibacterial properties. Molecules 22(9):1407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang X-F, Liu Z-G, Shen W, Gurunathan S (2016) Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, properties, applications, and therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci 17(9):1534

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan

    Abdullah T. Al-Fawwaz, Sajeda N. Al-Barri & Nusaiba A. Al-Mashagbah

  2. Al-Shifa Center for Medicinal Plants, Mafraq, Jordan

    Sajeda N. Al-Barri & Melad F. Al-Khazahila

Authors
  1. Abdullah T. Al-Fawwaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sajeda N. Al-Barri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Melad F. Al-Khazahila
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nusaiba A. Al-Mashagbah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdullah T. Al-Fawwaz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Keiji Ujikawa

  2. Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan

    Mikio Ishiwatari

  3. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France

    Eric van Hullebusch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Al-Fawwaz, A.T., Al-Barri, S.N., Al-Khazahila, M.F., Al-Mashagbah, N.A. (2023). Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Syzygium Aromaticum and Thymus Vulgaris Extracts Against Some Oral Pathogens. In: Ujikawa, K., Ishiwatari, M., Hullebusch, E.v. (eds) Environment and Sustainable Development. ACESD 2022. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4101-8_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation