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Solar Energy and Various Cycle

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Energy, Ecology and Environment

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Abstract

Solar energy is intermittent in terrestrial region and it is main source of all renewable energy and has infinite source. Further, solar energy plays an important role in balancing ecological and environmental condition for sustaining the nature by various cycles.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Gopal Nath Tiwari

  2. BERS Public School, Margupur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Gopal Nath Tiwari

Authors
  1. Gopal Nath Tiwari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gopal Nath Tiwari .

Appendices

Problems

Problem 2.1

Plot the curve between partial vapor pressure, P(T) with temperature in \(^\circ{\rm C} \).

Solution See Example 2.1 and Table 2.1.

Problem 2.2

Evaluate rain water collected for roof area of 5 m \(\times \) 10 m with rain fall of 20 mm.

Hint: Use Eq. 2.2.

Problem 2.3

How much precipitation in mm is needed to collect rain water to feed four family members in one year with a roof area of 10 m \(\times \) 10 m, if each member consumes 4 L of water daily.

Hint: Use Eq. 2.2 and 1 L = 0.001 \({\mathrm{m}}^{3}\)

Problem 2.4

Evaluate the residence time of carbon in the ocean.

Hint: Use Example 2.4 and Tables 2.3 and 2.4 respectively.

Problem 2.5

Find the following nutrients in kg per ha for starter 15 fertilizer for 125 kg er ha fertilizer.

Hint: Use Example 2.8 and ration of nutrients as 14:12.7:0:11 for starter 15 fertilizer.

Problem 2.6

Find wind velocity for power to be obtained as P = \(\mathrm{1,177.5}\,\mathrm{kW}\)

Hint: See Example 2.8

Objective Questions

  1. 2.1

    First/second collected rain/precipitated water is

    1. (a)

      Good for heath

    2. (b)

      Bad for health

    3. (c)

      No effect on health

    4. (d)

      All of these

Answer: (b)

  1. 2.2

    The collected rain/precipitated water after two/three rain is

    1. (a)

      Good for heath

    2. (b)

      Bad for health

    3. (c)

      No effect on health

    4. (d)

      All of these

Answer: (a)

  1. 2.3

    Rain/precipitated water contains

    1. (a)

      All minerals of potable water

    2. (b)

      No minerals

    3. (c)

      Impure water

    4. (d)

      All of these

Answer: (a)

  1. 2.4

    The hydrological cycle took place

    1. (a)

      Between the Earth and the atmoshphere

    2. (b)

      Between the sea and earth through the atmosphere

    3. (c)

      Between the sea and the atmosphere

    4. (d)

      In all cases

Answer: (b)

  1. 2.5

    Plants take nitrogen from

    1. (a)

      Atmosphere through leaves

    2. (b)

      Environment through leaves

    3. (c)

      Soil through roots

    4. (d)

      None of these

Answer: (c)

  1. 2.6

    Carbon (C) from the atmosphere is basically absorbed

    1. (a)

      By plants for photosynthesis

    2. (b)

      By the Earth from roots of plants

    3. (c)

      By the sea for fish

    4. (d)

      All of these

Answer: (a)

  1. 2.7

    The decamped body of an animal releases

    1. (a)

      Carbon into the atmosphere indirectly

    2. (b)

      Carbon into the atmosphere directly

    3. (c)

      Carbon into the soil

    4. (d)

      All of these

Answer: (a)

  1. 2.8

    The nitrogen (N) consumed by humans is absorbed

    1. (a)

      Directly

    2. (b)

      Indirectly

    3. (c)

      Both directly and indirectly

    4. (d)

      None of these

Answer: (b)

  1. 2.9

    The carbon (C) consumed by human is absorbed

    1. (a)

      Directly

    2. (b)

      Indirectly

    3. (c)

      Both directly and indirectly

    4. (d)

      None of these

Answer: (c)

  1. 2.10

    The oxygen (O2) consumed by humans is absorbed

    1. (a)

      Directly

    2. (b)

      Indirectly

    3. (c)

      Both directly and indirectly

    4. (d)

      None of these

Answer: (a)

  1. 2.11

    The highest carbon reservoir is

    1. (a)

      Deep ocean water

    2. (b)

      Fossil fuels

    3. (c)

      Atmosphere

    4. (d)

      Sedimentary rocks

Answer: (d)

  1. 2.12

    Wind power is

    1. (a)

      Proportional to swept area of wind turbine

    2. (b)

      Proportional to square of radius of wind turbine

    3. (c)

      Proportional to square of wind velocity

    4. (d)

      All of these

Answer: (a) and (b).

  1. 2.13

    Wind power (P) is

    1. (a)

      Proportional to swept area of wind turbine

    2. (b)

      Proportional to square of radius of wind turbine

    3. (c)

      Proportional to cube of wind velocity

    4. (d)

      All of them

Answer: (d)

  1. 2.14

    Wind power (P) is

    1. (a)

      Inversely proportional to swept area of wind turbine

    2. (b)

      Proportional to square of radius of wind turbine, \({\left(R\right)}^{2}\)

    3. (c)

      Proportional to cube of wind velocity, \({\left({u}_{0}\right)}^{3}\)

    4. (d)

      All of these

Answer: (b) and (c)

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Tiwari, G.N. (2024). Solar Energy and Various Cycle. In: Energy, Ecology and Environment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3997-8_2

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