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Conclusion

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The Rohingya Crisis and the International Criminal Court

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Abstract

The International Criminal Court (ICC) would resolve the issue of geographic equity by dealing with the Rohingya crisis. On the other hand, Myanmar, where evidence on the human rights situation of the Rohingya would be found, is a Non-State Party to the ICC, and the prospects of a successful investigation and prosecution by the ICC’s Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) are currently low. However, the persecuted Rohingya are within the territory of Bangladesh, a State Party to the ICC, and there is a good chance that they will be able to testify. Given that the ICC advocates the principle of complementarity, in which the ICC complements a state’s jurisdiction, there is also an expectation that Myanmar itself will seriously address the issue of human rights violations related to the Rohingya crisis.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2017).

  2. 2.

    The wording used by Professor Ryan Goodman, see Wolf (2022).

  3. 3.

    International Court of Justice (2022).

  4. 4.

    Although Lithuania submitted a communication under Article 15(2) of the Rome Statute on February 28, 2022, it made a referral under Article 14 of the Statute to speed up the investigative procedure. Minister of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania (2022). The other 38 States jointly submitted a referral under Article 14(1). Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (2022).

  5. 5.

    Bülbül et al. (2022), p. 391.

  6. 6.

    Human Rights Council (2022), p. 13, para. 67.

  7. 7.

    Kittichaisaree (2021), p. 291.

  8. 8.

    U.S. Department of State (2022)

  9. 9.

    Republic of Myanmar, National Unity Government (2022).

  10. 10.

    U.S. President Joseph R. Biden Jr. (2021), pp. 9429–9432.

  11. 11.

    U.S. Department of the Treasury (2022).

  12. 12.

    Government of Canada (2022); Government of the UK (2022), see Government of the UK (2021).

  13. 13.

    Tzanakopoulos (2019), p. 136; Baran (2022).

  14. 14.

    Siddiqi (2022), p. 355.

  15. 15.

    Islam et al. (2022), p. 330.

  16. 16.

    Ibid., p. 331.

  17. 17.

    United Nations Human Rights Council (2019), p. 14, para. 85.

  18. 18.

    Ibid.

  19. 19.

    Ibid.

  20. 20.

    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2020).

  21. 21.

    Parveen and Sahana (2022), p. 371.

  22. 22.

    Arrangement on Return of Displaced Persons from Rakhine State Between the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2017).

  23. 23.

    Physical Arrangement for Repatriation of Displaced Myanmar Residents from Bangladesh under the Arrangement on Return of Displaced Persons from Rakhine State (2018).

  24. 24.

    Gonsalves and Pathak (2022), p. 83.

  25. 25.

    Ibid.

  26. 26.

    Ibid., p. 84.

  27. 27.

    Ibid., pp. 372–373.

  28. 28.

    Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2022), p. 9, para. 37.

  29. 29.

    Ibid., p. 3, para. 2.

  30. 30.

    Ibid., p. 3, para. 7.

  31. 31.

    Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2011).

  32. 32.

    Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2018).

  33. 33.

    Kittichaisaree (2021), pp. 273.

  34. 34.

    Kirin Holdings Company Limited (2022).

  35. 35.

    Fontanelli (2021).

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  1. Graduate School of Law, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan

    Hitomi Takemura

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Takemura, H. (2023). Conclusion. In: The Rohingya Crisis and the International Criminal Court. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2734-0_6

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