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Pathology and Staging

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A Guide to Management of Urological Cancers

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Abstract

Penile cancers have a heterogeneous distribution worldwide, ranging from age-standardised incidence of >2 per 100,000 in Africa, South America and South Asia to incidence of <0.5 per 100,000 in the Middle East and East Asia [1]. Penile cancer (PC) is an extremely uncommon disease with an incidence as low as 0.29/100,000 in the United States [2].The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated a total of 36,068 new cases in 2020 with an incidence of 0.8 per 100,000 men worldwide [3]. Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is the fourth least common cancer by incidence and is classified under “rare tumour” as per the definition by the National Cancer Institute [4]. The incidence is higher in certain African and South American countries such as Uganda with an incidence of 4.4 per 100,000 and Paraguay with an incidence of 4.2 per 100,000 [2]. This heterogeneity is attributed to various risk factors such as socioeconomic status, history of penile injuries and inflammation, tobacco smoking, hygiene, genetic predisposition, the prevalence of practice of circumcision and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection [5, 6].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India

    Subhash Yadav, Santosh Menon & Sangeeta Desai

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  1. Subhash Yadav
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  2. Santosh Menon
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  3. Sangeeta Desai
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  1. Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Prabhjot Singh

  2. Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Brusabhanu Nayak

  3. Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sridhar Panaiyadiyan

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Yadav, S., Menon, S., Desai, S. (2023). Pathology and Staging. In: Singh, P., Nayak, B., Panaiyadiyan, S. (eds) A Guide to Management of Urological Cancers. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2341-0_20

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