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Management of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

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A Guide to Management of Urological Cancers

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Abstract

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the world with more than 75% of being nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at presentation. NMIBC is not a single entity and represents a clinically and pathologically variable spectrum of superficial bladder cancer. The most common presentation is with gross visible hematuria and the initial workup involves cross-sectional imaging with contrast for evaluation of the upper urinary tract, urine cytology assessment, and office cystoscopy. There are several urinary biomarkers that are now available and being further investigated to aid the diagnosis of NMIBC. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) in NMIBC ensures complete tumor resection of endoscopically evident tumors to have a correct pathological diagnosis. Enhanced cystoscopy techniques like photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using blue light cystoscopy and narrow band oimaging (NBI) can be included whenever available. Correct pathological diagnosis is of the greatest importance in NMIBC in stratifying patients for risk-based adjuvant treatment. BCG is the cornerstone of adjuvant intravesical treatment in NMIBC but has its limitations considering the adverse effects and concerns for failure. Newer therapeutics are being explored in NMIBC for BCG naïve and BCG failures, but, whenever indicated, radical cystectomy (RC) should be considered in eligible patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Subodh K. Regmi

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  1. Subodh K. Regmi
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Correspondence to Subodh K. Regmi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Prabhjot Singh

  2. Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Brusabhanu Nayak

  3. Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sridhar Panaiyadiyan

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Regmi, S.K. (2023). Management of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. In: Singh, P., Nayak, B., Panaiyadiyan, S. (eds) A Guide to Management of Urological Cancers. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2341-0_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2341-0_11

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