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Current Insights into the Role of Rhizosphere Bacteria in Disease Suppression in Millets

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Millet Rhizosphere

Part of the book series: Rhizosphere Biology ((RHBIO))

Abstract

Millets are considered as smart food or nutri-cereals and they are rich in micronutrients and vitamins and a better substitution of major cereals. There is an increasing awareness among the farmers, scientists, policymakers, and other stakeholders more particularly the consumers about the beneficial role of millets in day-to-day life. The millets are moderately to highly resistant to most of the pathogens due to their hardy nature and mostly grown under rainfed conditions. However, certain diseases of millets are considered as economically important due to the severity of yield losses it causes. The long-term use of fungicides to control the diseases causes irreparable damage to the environment. Though the development of resistant cultivars against the emerging pathogens is a superior strategy as part of integrated disease management, the occurrence of a wide pathogenic variability and the development of resistance in different populations of pathogens present a serious threat to the development of resistant cultivars. Biological control of millet diseases with rhizobacteria or endophytes is a novel tool for eco-friendly management of diseases. The foremost diseases of millets, which cause great economic losses are charcoal rot in sorghum, grain mold in sorghum, anthracnose in sorghum, downy mildew of pearl millet, blast of finger millet, and foot rot in finger millet. Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Trichoderma sp. are the successful rhizobacteria used as biocontrol agents for the management of these diseases. The mechanism of biocontrol of these destructive diseases by the rhizobacteria involves production of hydrolytic enzymes, induction of systemic resistance through synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins and defensive enzymes, production of antimicrobial compounds, hydrogen cyanide, and siderophore production. In addition, these rhizobacterial agents promote the plant growth by secretion of growth hormones (IAA, cytokinin, gibberellins, etc.), solubilization of mineral nutrients, nitrogen fixation, etc. The present chapter deals with the biocontrol of major diseases of the millets by rhizobacteria and their mechanism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbial Technology Laboratory, ICAR—National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vellaichamy Mageshwaran & Yalavarthi Nagaraju

  2. ICAR—Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India

    Santhappan Paulraj

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  1. Vellaichamy Mageshwaran
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  2. Santhappan Paulraj
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  3. Yalavarthi Nagaraju
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Correspondence to Vellaichamy Mageshwaran .

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  1. Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

    Ramesh Namdeo Pudake

  2. Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India

    Maya Kumari

  3. Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

    Deepak Rameshwar Sapkal

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India

    Anil Kumar Sharma

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Mageshwaran, V., Paulraj, S., Nagaraju, Y. (2023). Current Insights into the Role of Rhizosphere Bacteria in Disease Suppression in Millets. In: Pudake, R.N., Kumari, M., Sapkal, D.R., Sharma, A.K. (eds) Millet Rhizosphere . Rhizosphere Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2166-9_6

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