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Sustainable Energy via Thermochemical and Biochemical Conversion of Biomass Wastes for Biofuel Production

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Transportation Energy and Dynamics

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

Environmental pollution is one of the major disadvantages of fossil fuel and their derivatives, but alternative energy resources have performed better in this area. A well-known example within these alternative energy sources that can increase total available energy for human’s consumption is biomass, and it has been proven to be the most important renewable energy source. Its benefits include reduced emission, ease of growth (agricultural materials), more available when compared to non-renewable sources of energy and can be directly used by local methods. Biomass wastes heating is a major energy generation process. Processes that use heat on biomass wastes to generate energy are termed thermochemical conversion processes. The use of wood that store chemical energy in cooking is as far back as the creation of the world. Thermochemical conversion of biomass releases products which are extremely best when compared with other renewable energy source finding usefulness in automobile, power, chemical, production, and biomaterials industries. Pyrolysis is a heating process whereby carbon-based matter (organic material) such as lignocellulosic agricultural waste is heated to 450 °C and above in a non-O2 atmosphere, e.g., N2 atmosphere. Oxygen or air supports biomass combustion to generate heat, steam, and electricity. Gasification occurs at > 650 °C; it is a method of converting biomass waste into energy with the sole purpose of generating syngas useful for combustion, heating, and electricity generation. Liquefaction is a method of converting coal/biomass to petroleum through series of chemical reactions. Bio-oil, syngas, and char are useful products with stored chemical energy obtained from via thermochemical conversion. Biochemical conversion of biomass refers to the gradual and continuous release of biofuel from biomass waste through the activity of microorganisms and enzymes. Thermal and biochemical conversions are suitable processes to tap unused energy in largely available lignocellulosic biomass wastes to reduce reliance on the use of non-renewable fossil fuels as source of energy.

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Abbreviations

GHG:

Greenhouse gases

FC:

Fixed carbon

AC:

Ash content

VM:

Volatile matter

BTL:

Biomass to liquid

HHV:

Higher heating value

NMOCs:

Non-methane organic molecules in anaerobic circumstances (NMOCs)

MC:

Moisture content

HTG:

Hydrothermal gasification

HTL:

Hydrothermal liquefaction

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Petroleum Trust Development Fund (PTDF), Nigeria, for providing the financial assistance to carry out this work through Scholarship fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria

    Abiodun Oluwatosin Adeoye, Olayide Samuel Lawal, Rukayat Oluwatobiloba Quadri & Dosu Malomo

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria

    Muhammed Toyyib Aliyu

  3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

    Gyang Emmanuel Dang

  4. Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria

    Emmanuel Oghenero Emojevu

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria

    Musa Joshua Maikato

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria

    Mohammed Giwa Yahaya & Victor Great Edidem

  7. Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria

    Oluyemisi Omotayo Omonije

  8. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Idah, Idah, Nigeria

    Yakubu Khartum Abubakar

  9. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of PortHarcourt, PortHarcourt, Nigeria

    Onyeka Francis Offor

  10. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Ezeaku Henry Sochima

  11. Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

    Boniface Eche Peter

  12. Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

    Baba Nwunuji Hikon

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  1. Abiodun Oluwatosin Adeoye
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Contributions

Abiodun Oluwatosin Adeoye (Conceptualization, write-up, resource research, data presentation, and editing of manuscript).

Olayide Samuel Lawal (Supervision, Design, and Conceptualization).

Rukayat Oluwatobiloba Quadri (Resource research and editing of manuscript).

Dosu Malomo (Resource research and Editing).

Muhammed Toyyibb Aliyu, Gyang Emmanuel Dang, Emmanuel Oghenero Emojevu, Musa Joshua Maikato, Mohammed Giwa Yahaya, Oluyemisi Omotayo Omonije, Victor Great Edidem, Yakubu Khartum Abubakar, Onyeka Francis Offor, Ezeaku Henry Sochima, Boniface Eche Peter, Baba Nwunuji Hikon (Resource research).

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abiodun Oluwatosin Adeoye .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Applied Science, Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

    Sunil Kumar Sharma

  2. School of Engineering and Applied Science, Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

    Ram Krishna Upadhyay

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vikram Kumar

  4. Engine Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Hardikk Valera

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Adeoye, A.O. et al. (2023). Sustainable Energy via Thermochemical and Biochemical Conversion of Biomass Wastes for Biofuel Production. In: Sharma, S.K., Upadhyay, R.K., Kumar, V., Valera, H. (eds) Transportation Energy and Dynamics. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2150-8_11

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