Abstract
The objectives of load frequency control (LFC) are to keep the frequency constant and to control the change in tie line power between control areas. PID controllers tuned by optimization algorithms have been used for LFC purposes to improve dynamic performance. However, a PID controller has specific inherent challenges and drawbacks. Towards this end, as a novel control method, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) rectifies the issues in PID. It requires significantly less information from the plant model and is resistant to external perturbations and modelling uncertainties. This work presents ADRC-based Load frequency control of single and multi-area power systems. Complexities such as nonlinearities in power systems are also considered. For multi-area power systems, genetic algorithm is used for tuning ADRC parameters. GA-based ADRC is applied to the IEEE 39 bus system, divided into three areas for LFC studies. Electric vehicle fleets are added to the IEEE 39 bus system. ADRC proves to be a very efficient control strategy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jaleeli N, VanSlyck LS, Ewart DN et al (1992) Understanding automatic generation control. IEEE Trans Power Syst 7:1106–1122. https://doi.org/10.1109/59.207324
Elgerd OI, Happ HH (1972) Electric energy systems theory: an introduction. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern SMC-2:296–297. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1972.4309116
Shubham, Roy SP, Mehta RK, et al (2022) A novel application of jellyfish search optimisation tuned dual-stage (1+PI) TID controller for microgrid employing electric vehicle. Int J Ambient Energy 43:8408–8427. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2022.2097952
Ahmed M, Magdy G, Khamies M, Kamel S (2022) Modified TID controller for load frequency control of a two-area interconnected diverse-unit power system. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 135:107528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107528
Debbarma S, Dutta A (2017) Utilizing electric vehicles for LFC in restructured power systems using fractional order controller. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 8:2554–2564. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2527821
Tan Wen (2010) Unified tuning of PID load frequency controller for power systems via IMC. IEEE Trans Power Syst 25:341–350. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2036463
Saxena S, Hote YV (2017) Stabilization of perturbed system via IMC: an application to load frequency control. Control Eng Pract 64:61–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2017.04.002
Han J (2009) From PID to active disturbance rejection control. IEEE Trans Indus Electron 56:900–906. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2011621
Gao Z (2003) Scaling and bandwidth-parameterization based controller tuning. In: Proceedings of the 2003 American control conference, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2003.1242516
Herbst G (2013) A simulative study on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) as a control tool for practitioners. Electronics 2:246–279. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics2030246
Suhail SA, Bazaz MA, Hussain S (2019) Active disturbance rejection control applied to a DC motor for position control. Proc ICETIT 2019:437–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30577-2-38
Bevrani H (2014) Robust power system frequency control, vol 4. Springer, New York
Anwar MN, Pan S (2015) A new PID load frequency controller design method in frequency domain through direct synthesis approach. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 67:560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.12.024
Fernando T, Emami K, Yu S et al (2016) A novel quasi-decentralized functional observer approach to LFC of Interconnected Power Systems. In: 2016 IEEE power and energy society general meeting (PESGM). https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741145
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Farooq, O., Ahmad Suhail, S., Bazaz, M.A. (2023). Load Frequency Control of Single and Multi-area Power Systems Based on ADRC. In: Sharma, H., Shrivastava, V., Bharti, K.K., Wang, L. (eds) Communication and Intelligent Systems. ICCIS 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 686. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2100-3_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2100-3_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-2099-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-2100-3
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)