Abstract
In this chapter, we show that the expression of toxicity of chemicals is regulated by the tissue in situ (fields) rather than by chemicals per se in the target tissues. Also, it is shown that toxicity is dynamic such as from peripheral to central organs, which leads to the idea of pre-emptive and integrated approaches for health risk assessment of environmental chemicals.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cheng Y (2015) Crystals of a toxic core. Nature 525:458–459
Gilbert SF, Epel D (2015) Ecological developmental biology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
Hall BK, Horstadius S (1988) The neural crest. Oxford University Press, New York
Kaelberer MM, Klein ME, Barth BB, Montoya MM, Shen X, Bohòrquez DV (2018) A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction. Science 361:eaat5236. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5236
Moore KL (1988) The developing human: clinically oriented embryology. W B Saunders Co Ltd.
Murray TJ, Maffini MV, Ucci AA, Sonenschein C, Soto AM (2007) Induction of mammary gland ductal hyperplasias and carcinoma in situ following bisphenol-A exposure. Reprod Toxicol 23:383–390
Pan-Montojo F, Anichtchik O, Dening Y, Knels L, Pursche S, Jung R, Jackson S, Gille G, Spillantini MG, Reichmann H, Funk RHW (2010) Progression of Parkinson’s disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice. PloS One 5(1):e8762
Pan-Montojo F, Schwarz M, Winkler C, Arnhold M, Sullivan GA, Pal A, Said J, Marsico G, Verbavatz J-M, Rodrigo-Angulo M, Gille G, Funk RHW, Reichmann H (2012) Environmental toxins trigger PD-like progression via increased alpha-synuclein release from enteric neurons in mice. Sci Rep 2:898
Shimizu Y, Nakatsuru Y, Ichinose M, Takahashi Y, Kume H, Mimura J, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Ishikawa T (2000) Benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity is lost in mice lacking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97:779–782
Szabo A, Mayor R (2018) Mechanisms of neural crest migration. Annu Rev Genet 52:43–63. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-120417-031559
Szymanska K, Gonkowski S (2018) Bisphenol A-induced changes in the enteric nervous system of the porcine duodenum. Neurotoxicology 66:78–86
Szymańska K, Makowska K, Całka J, Gonkowski S (2020) The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) affects the enteric neurons immunoreactive to neuregulin 1 (NRG1) in the enteric nervous system of the porcine large intestine. Int J Mol Sci 21(22):8743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228743
Zuo J, Brewer DS, Arlt VA, Cooper CS, Phillips DH (2014) Benzo [a]pyrene-induced DNA adducts and gene expression profiles in target and non-target organs for carcinogenesis in mice. BMC Genomics 15:880
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ishido, M. (2023). Fields and Exposure Periods. In: Health Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1560-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1560-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-1559-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-1560-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)