Abstract
Human body comprises trillions of microbial cells associated with different parts of the body. The composition of microorganisms is different in all the parts of the body. Skin, oral, respiratory, placental, gut, and vaginal microbiome are well explored and studied for their effect on human health and disease. The largest part of humans, skin contains millions of microorganisms. The largest and diverse microbiome is observed in gut region. Microbiome influences human health by modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. There is a close connection between human microbiome with health and disease. Microbiome maintains an equilibrium state with the human body through the host–microbial symbiotic associations. The role of microbiome shaping the host immune functions and development is well explored. The balance of host system and microbiome may get altered by external or environmental stimuli like exposure to antibiotics. The frequent imbalance of microbiota is called as dysbiosis leading to pathological conditions. Dysbiosis associated with antibiotic treatment reduces the occurrence and number of commensals from body leading to the invasion of pathogens by breaking the colonization resistance. The restoration of microbiome is necessary to reduce the infections. Bacterial chemical signalling or quorum sensing plays important role in shaping the balance of microbiome, thereby reducing the pathogenic interactions.
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Anju, V.T., Busi, S., Mohan, M.S., Dyavaiah, M. (2023). Human Microbiome and the Susceptibility to Infections. In: Kothari, V., Kumar, P., Ray, S. (eds) Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1463-0_7
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