Abstract
This chapter focuses on the creative process. It explains why a focus on process is more practical than the alternatives. It reviews theories and research on the creative process. Some of the earliest process theories are summarized, as are more recent theories. Associative theory and the divergent thinking model are explored in detail and recommendations are offered. These include taking one’s time when working, the justification being that this is necessary for the remote associates that tend to be highly original. The value of incubation is also presented. Very recent work using computers to test associations is summarized and leads to the concept of semantic distance. The pros and cons of working in groups are presented. Practical implications are noted throughout the chapter and collected at the end of the chapter.
Objectives of this chapter: Summarizing theories of and research on the creative process, exploring practical implications.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cropley AJ (2014) Is there an ‘arts bias’ in the Creativity Research Journal? Comment on Glāveanu (2014). Creat Res J 26(3):368–371
Rocavert C (2016) Democratizing creativity: how arts/philosophy can contribute to the question of arts bias. Creat Res J 28(3):229–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2016.1195642
Runco MA (2014) Creativity: theories and themes: research, development, and practice, 2nd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, New York, 520p
Guilford JP (1950) Fundamental statistics in psychology and education, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, 565p
Guilford JP (1968) Creativity, intelligence, and their educational implications. Knapp, San Diego, 229p
Barron FX (1955) The disposition toward originality. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 51(3):478–485
Barron FX (1995) No rootless flower: an ecology of creativity. Hampton Press, Cresskill, 356p
Helson R (1999) Institute of personality assessment and research. In: Runco MA, Pritzker SR (eds) Encyclopedia of creativity, 1st edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 71–78
Taylor CW (1964) Widening horizons in creativity. Wiley, New York, 466p
Taylor CW, Barron FX (1963) Scientific creativity: its recognition and development. Wiley, New York, 419p
Runco MA, Pritzker SR (2020) Encyclopedia of creativity, 3rd edn. Academic press, New York, 1663p
Albert RS, Runco MA (1987) The possible different personality dispositions of scientists and nonscientists. In: Jackson DN, Rushton JP (eds) Scientific excellence: origins and assessment. Sage, Newbury Park, pp 67–97
Miller AI (2000) Metaphor and scientific creativity. In: Hallyn F (ed) Metaphor and analogy in the sciences. Kluwer Academic, Amsterdam, pp 147–164
Zuckerman H (1977) Scientific elite: nobel laureates in the United States. The Free Press, New York, 335p
Runco MA, Jaeger GJ (2012) The standard definition of creativity. Creat Res J 24(1):92–96
Rhodes M (1961) An analysis of creativity. Phi Delta Kappan 42(7):305–310
Runco MA (2007) A hierarchical framework for the study of creativity. New Horiz Educ 55(3):1–9
Simonton DK (1995) Exceptional personal influence: an integrative paradigm. Creat Res J 8(4):371–376
Jay E, Perkins DN (1997) Creativity’s compass: a review of problem finding. In: Creativity research handbook, vol 1. Hampton Press, Cresskill, pp 257–293
Poincaré H (2014) The foundations of science: science and hypothesis, the value of science and method, Reissue edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 570p
Wallas G (1926) The art of thought. Harcourt, New York, 162p
Dodds RA, Ward TB, Smith SM (2012) Incubation to problem solving and creativity. In: Runco MA (ed) Creativity Research Handbook. Hampton Press, Cresskill, pp 251–284
Gruber HE (1981) On the relation between ‘AHA experiences’ and the construction of ideas. Hist Sci 19(1):41–59
Spearman C (1930) Creative mind. Nisbet & Company, London, 153p
Hoppe KD, Kyle NL (1990) Dual brain, creativity, and health. Creat Res J 3(2):150–157
Runco MA (1994) Problem finding, problem solving, and creativity. Ablex Publishing, Norwood, 318p
Einstein A, Infeld L (1938) The evolution of physics: the growth of ideas from early concepts to relativity and quanta. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 226p
Wertheimer M (1945) Productive thinking. Harper & Brothers, New York, 224p
Torrance EP (1962) Guiding creative talent. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 278p
Getzels JW (1975) Problem-finding and the inventiveness of solutions. J Creat Behav 9(1):12–18
Christensen BT, Schunn CD (2005) Spontaneous access and analogical incubation effects. Creat Res J 17(2–3):207–220
Adams JL (1980) Conceptual blockbusting: a guide to better ideas, 2nd edn. Norton & Company, New York, 153p
Runco MA (2020) Tactics and strategies. In: Runco MA, Pritzker SR (eds) Encyclopedia of creativity, 3rd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, New York, pp 529–532
Mumford MD, Mobley MI, Reiter-Palmon R, Uhlman CE, Doares LM (1991) Process analytic models of creative capacities. Creat Res J 4(2):91–122
Runco MA, Chand I (1995) Cognition and creativity. Educ Psychol Rev 7(3):243–267
Mednick SA (1962) The associative basis of the creative process. Psychol Rev 69(3):220–232
Marko M, Michalko D, Riečanský I (2019) Remote associates test: an empirical proof of concept. Behav Res Methods 51(6):2700–2711
Wu CL, Huang SY, Chen PZ, Chen HC (2020) A systematic review of creativity-related studies applying the remote associates test from 2000 to 2019. Front Psychol 11:573432
Lee CS, Huggins AC, Therriault DJ (2014) A measure of creativity or intelligence? Examining internal and external structure validity evidence of the remote associates test. Psychol Aesthet Creat Arts 8(4):446–460
Mednick SA, Mednick MT (1971) Remote associates test: examiner’s manual. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
Milgram RM, Rabkin L (1980) Developmental test of Mednick’s associative hierarchies of original thinking. Dev Psychol 16(2):157–158
Runco MA (1986) Divergent thinking and creative performance in gifted and nongifted children. Educ Psychol Meas 46(2):375–384
Paek SH, Alabbasi AM, Acar S, Runco MA (2021) Is more time better for divergent thinking? A meta-analysis of the time-on-task effect on divergent thinking. Think Skills Creat 41:100894
Bachelor PA, Michael WB (1997) The structure of intellect model revisited. In: Runco MA (ed) The creativity research handbook. Hampton Press, Cresskill, pp 155–182
Meeker MN (1999) Structure of intellect systems. teacher training. Structure of Intellect, Vida
Runco MA, Beghetto RA (2019) Primary and secondary creativity. Curr Opin Behav Sci 27:7–10
Pauhus PB, Dzindolet MT, Poletes G, Camacho LM (1993) Perception of performance in group brainstorming: the illusion of group productivity. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 19(1):78–89
Rickards T, De Cock C (2012) Understanding organizational creativity: toward a multiparadigmatic approach. In: Runco MA (ed) Creativity research handbook, 2nd edn. Hampton Press, New York, pp 1–32
Ione A (1999) Multiple discovery. In: Runco MA, Pritzker SR (eds) Encyclopedia of creativity, 1st edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 261–271
Organisciak P, Dumas D (2020) Open creativity scoring. University of Denver, Denver. https://openscoring.du.edu/
Agirre E, Banea C, Cer D, Diab M, Gonzalez-Agirre A, Mihalcea R, Rigau G, Wiebe J (2016) Semeval-2016 task 1: semantic textual similarity, monolingual and cross-lingual evaluation. In: SemEval-2016. 10th international workshop on semantic evaluation, San Diego, 16–17 June 2016. ACL, Stroudsburg, pp 497–511
Miura N, Takagi T (2015) WSL: sentence similarity using semantic distance between words. In: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on semantic evaluation (SemEval 2015), June 2015, pp 128–131
Acar S, Runco MA (2014) Assessing associative distance among ideas elicited by tests of divergent thinking. Creat Res J 26(2):229–238
Martindale C (1990) The clockwork muse: the predictability of artistic change. Basic Books, New York, 432p
Johnson DR, Kaufman JC, Baker BS et al (2022) Divergent semantic integration (DSI): extracting creativity from narratives with distributional semantic modeling. Behav Res. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-022-01986-2
Runco MA, Turkman B, Acar S, Nural MV (2017) Idea density and the creativity of written works. J Genius Eminence 2(1):26–31
Covington MA (2012) CPIDR® 5.1 user manual. Artificial Intelligence Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, 10p
Weinstein TJ, Ceh SM, Meinel C, Benedek M (2022) What’s creative about sentences? A computational approach to assessing creativity in a sentence generation task. Creat Res J 34(4):419–430
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
All authors declare no conflict of interest for this work.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Runco, M.A., Bower, J. (2023). Processes Involved in the Generation of Novel Ideas. In: Jagadeesh, G., Balakumar, P., Senatore, F. (eds) The Quintessence of Basic and Clinical Research and Scientific Publishing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1284-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1284-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-1283-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-1284-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)