Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) are heterogeneous neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells. GEP-NEN can develop anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Gastric NEN (G-NEN) is the most common NEN of the foregut (thymus, esophagus, lung, stomach, duodenum, and pancreas). G-NEN is generally considered an indolent tumor with a low tendency to metastasize; however, gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (G-NEC) can progress rapidly once they become metastatic.
Kwangwoo Nam is the lead author of this chapter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cives M, Strosberg JR. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:471–87.
Dasari A, Shen C, Halperin D, Zhao B, Zhou S, Xu Y, et al. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:1335–42.
Boyce M, Thomsen L. Gastric neuroendocrine tumors: prevalence in Europe, USA, and Japan, and rationale for treatment with a gastrin/CCK2 receptor antagonist. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50:550–9.
Mastracci L, Rindi G, Grillo F, Solcia E, Campora M, Fassan M, et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the esophagus and stomach. Pathologica. 2021;113:5–11.
Park MI. Endoscopic treatment for early foregut neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Endosc. 2013;46:450–5.
Ahmed M. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors in 2020. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2020;12:791–807.
Yao JC, Hassan M, Phan A, Dagohoy C, Leary C, Mares JE, et al. One hundred years after “carcinoid”: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3063–72.
Hassan MM, Phan A, Li D, Dagohoy CG, Leary C, Yao JC. Risk factors associated with neuroendocrine tumors: A U.S.-based case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2008;123:867–73.
Santos AP, Santos AC, Castro C, Raposo L, Pereira SS, Torres I, et al. Visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancers (Basel). 2018;10:293.
Jung SW. Endoscopic treatment of gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: present and future. Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res. 2021;21:29–34.
Sato Y, Imamura H, Kaizaki Y, Koizumi W, Ishido K, Kurahara K, et al. Management and clinical outcomes of type I gastric carcinoid patients: retrospective, multicenter study in Japan. Dig Endosc. 2014;26:377–84.
Chang S, Choi D, Lee SJ, Lee WJ, Park M-h, Kim SW, et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract: classification, pathologic basis, and imaging features. Radiographics. 2007;27:1667–79.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Neuroendocrine and adrenal tumors. 2021;3
Hofland J, Zandee WT, de Herder WW. Role of biomarker tests for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14:656–69.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chun, H.J., Park, S.J., Lim, Y.J., Song, S.Y. (2023). Gastric NEN. III-1. Epidemiology (Including Risk Factor)/Pathologic and Molecular Characteristics. In: Gastrointestinal Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0815-8_60
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0815-8_60
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0814-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0815-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)