Abstract
Malformations of valves, including mitral valve prolapse, account for 10% of congenital heart diseases. Pediatric stenosis that could lead to aortic valve calcification also comprises up to 6% of congenital heart defects. While prosthetic devices can replace cardiac valves in adults, growing hearts and arteries in children make this therapeutic process quite limited, especially in babies. A biological growing pediatric valve engineered from stem cells would represent a clinical breakthrough. Here we overview the literature on fetal, adult, and pluripotent stem cells in repairing or engineering a pediatric valve. We describe both the different cell types and the extracellular matrix proteins that have been used so far. We further summarize the bioengineering processes that have been tested. Finally, we present research perspectives on pluripotent stem cells and novel bioengineering processes addressing pediatric valve repair.
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Abbreviations
- AV:
-
Atrioventricular
- BMP2:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein-2
- CHD:
-
Congenital heart diseases
- EndMT:
-
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- FGF8:
-
Fibroblast growth factor-8
- iPSCs:
-
Induced pluripotent stem cells
- MNC:
-
Mononuclear cells
- MSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- TAVI:
-
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation
- TGF-beta:
-
Transforming growth factor-beta
- VEC:
-
Valvular endothelial cells
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VIC:
-
Valvular interstitial cells
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Jaconi, M., Puceat, M. (2023). Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine in Valvulopathies. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Cardiovascular Applications of Stem Cells. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0722-9_5
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