Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Screening for breast cancer reduces breast cancer-related mortality, and earlier detection facilitates less aggressive treatment. Invasive breast carcinoma has a wide range of histological appearances. The major histological features that help to further characterize histological subtype are based on architecture, nuclear features and stromal features; Nottingham grading (detailed below); the presence or absence of tumour in the angiolymphatic spaces (only peritumoural lymphovascular invasion is assessed in breast cancer, and this should be differentiated from tissue retraction); and an associated in situ component.
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Gnanavel, H. et al. (2023). Carcinoma Breast. In: Dev, B., Joseph, L.D. (eds) Holistic Approach to Breast Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0035-0_22
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