Keywords

1 Problems Existing in Traditional Architecture

1.1 Building Materials Do not Meet the Requirements of Sustainable Development

Due to the terrain, the building forms are dry column type, courtyard type and earthen house type. Most of the traditional rural houses are brick-concrete and brick-wood structure, and some are still mud wall bungalows [1]. The materials are solid clay bricks and wood, which cause damage to cultivated land resources and produce energy consumption and waste of resources. In addition, due to the low cultural level of villagers, they will choose cheaper building materials, resulting in a decline in the quality of rural housing and low safety performance.

1.2 Lack of Professional Design Drawings

Traditional rural housing has security risks, only more than 10% of villagers ask professional designers to design the structure and appearance of rural housing, most villagers blindly build their own, there are structural risks. According to the statistics of relevant institutions, about 76% of the houses built in rural housing do not use formal drawings, and most of the construction of rural housing is completed by relying on the experience of the construction team, and in the construction process to meet the needs of villagers on the arbitrary demolition of housing, seriously reducing the quality of housing performance.

1.3 Lack of Professional Construction Team

Due to the small scale of construction, self-built houses are common, and the lack of professional construction teams leads to more serious illegal construction and unreasonable design. The crowded layout affects the lighting and ventilation between the houses, which seriously reduces the living comfort and greatly increases the energy consumption of the building. Thermal insulation, shading and other energy saving measures are poor. It makes the security, applicability and durability of rural housing lack of guarantee.

1.4 Construction Waste Pollution is Serious

During the construction process, only the construction waste will produce 500–600 tons/10,000 square meters, and the dismantled old buildings will produce 7000–12,000 tons/10,000 square meters of construction waste. The long-term and high-frequency self-built house construction in rural areas will produce a large amount of construction energy consumption and construction waste every year. Most villages have not set up unified landfill sites, and some farmers who lack environmental awareness use village roads, rivers and lakes, and even their own farmland as landfill or stacking sites for construction waste, causing serious environmental pollution.

2 The Promotion of Prefabricated Buildings is an Effective Means to Implement the Strategy of Rural Revitalization

2.1 We Will Revitalize Rural Tourism

Rural revitalization depends on solving rural environmental problems, and the way out is the transformation and upgrading of rural industries. Relying on terrain features, we will vigorously develop environment-friendly rural tourism industry, transform environmental resource advantages into industrial development advantages, implement leisure agriculture and rural tourism quality projects, develop rural sharing economy, creative agriculture, and characteristic cultural industries, and build quality villages and towns suitable for living, working and traveling.

2.2 Improve Living Conditions in Rural Areas

Ecological environment damage is increasingly serious, building energy consumption continues to rise, in the construction and use of houses to achieve ecological livable, reduce energy consumption is imminent. The development of green farming in rural areas is not only to protect resources and reduce energy consumption, but also to meet the needs of ecological, social and economic sustainable development. Prefabricated buildings should highlight the characteristics of people’s livelihood and share the achievements of urbanization civilization.

2.3 Protect the Environment and Save Energy

According to incomplete statistics, every 10,000 square meters of construction projects in China produce 500–600 tons of garbage, dust, noise and waste pollution seriously threaten people’s health. Prefabricated buildings save resource consumption in form work, insulation materials, industrial water and electricity, and can reduce about 80% of construction waste and 90% of dust and noise pollution, to achieve the construction goal of low energy consumption and low emissions.

3 Prefabricated Building in the Rural Development of the Current Dilemma

3.1 Lack of Perfect Standard

The lack of policy support in rural areas, the pilot work of rural housing construction has been officially launched since February 2019, and the housing construction standards have been preliminaries improved, but for rural prefabricated housing from the design stage to the final completion and acceptance stage, there are neither strict standards nor a regulatory system.

3.2 Lack of Professional and Technical Personnel

Prefabricated building as a new building structure, PC components lifting, installation and node connection pouring, each link requires the participation of professional and technical personnel, the current talent is mainly concentrated in the traditional reinforced concrete cast-in-place structure, in the prefabricated building lack.

3.3 Limitation of Transport Conditions

PC components have high requirements for accuracy, bumps and bumps in the transportation process will affect the next process, and then reduce the quality of rural prefabricated housing [2]. For different types of PC components, it is necessary to choose the appropriate means of transportation, and at the same time, it is necessary to consider the distance between the prefabrication plant and the construction site, and choose the appropriate transportation route.

3.4 High Cost of Construction

The cost of component customization, long-distance transportation, factory management and personnel social security is far higher than the labor cost of traditional construction methods. The splicing and assembling work of PC components requires large mechanical equipment and increases the construction cost.

4 Characteristic Prefabricated Building to Promote the Implementation Strategy

4.1 “Bamboo Instead of Wood” Green Assembly

Promote the development and utilization of bamboo in the prefabricated building system. It can not only alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of wood, but also promote the scientific development of bamboo industry and rural revitalization, save and protect environmental resources, and realize the green and sustainable development of the construction industry. Bamboo structure has great toughness and strong resistance to instantaneous impact load and periodic fatigue failure [3]. Chen Guo detailed the relationship between the performance changes of each component and connector and the overall force transmission under the action of earthquake and lateral force resistance [4].

4.2 Intelligent Assembly Strategy Using BIM Technology

BIM technology plays an active role in the development, design, construction and management process of construction projects. Based on BIM technology, professional models such as architecture, structure and machinery can be integrated, project progress and process flow can be entered into the system before construction [5], the progress of hoisting operation can be simulated, the safety load can be calculated and the actual construction situation can be analyzed, and the danger sources can be timely warned and accurately positioned. Combined with RFID chip technology, real-time tracking can control equipment and components to prevent security problems [6].

4.3 Reasonable Split Component Strategy

The lifting point position of the component can ensure the integrity of the component [7]. The traditional prefabricated component is divided according to the distance of the shaft network, and the component types are many, the standardization degree is not high, and the mold investment is large, resulting in low utilization rate. Based on the idea of component grouping, the mold is optimized as an important production resource, combined with production, transportation and construction needs, and the mold utilization rate and turnover times are increased as much as possible, the production cost is reduced, the hoisting times are reduced, and the construction cost is reduced (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.
figure 1

Separate and compare different components.

Full size image

4.4 Characteristic Strategies to Adapt to the Environment

Standardization is the method and process, diversity is the result, components are fixed, but the collocation of components is ever-changing [8]. The protection of local characteristics is not in contradiction with the characteristics of the era of the building. Through the highly abstract modularization of prefabricated buildings, innovation is carried out on the basis of maintaining the original characteristics of the city.

5 Proposals to Enhance the Development Potential of Prefabricated Buildings

5.1 Technology

Deepen the training of existing technical personnel, create better working conditions, and invest more innovative talents in the development of prefabricated building technology. The government supports the technological innovation of prefabricated buildings and has a superior technological environment.

5.2 Optimize the Whole Industrial Chain of Prefabricated Buildings

The government should do a good job of policy guidance, optimize the industrial structure, encourage enterprises to develop in the blank field of the whole industrial chain of prefabricated buildings, increase the types and coverage of industries, and encourage the diversified development of enterprises [9].

5.3 Step up Publicity for Prefabricated Buildings

The government should promote prefabricated buildings through multiple channels, deepen the contrast between traditional buildings and prefabricated buildings by enterprises and consumers. Form a social form in which enterprises take the initiative to develop and consumers voluntarily purchase prefabricated building products.

5.4 Advocate Design into the Village

We will set up pilot and demonstration rural housing projects and encourage designers to go to rural areas [10]. Master Chen, a resident and structural designer, returned to his hometown from Wuhan, Hubei Province, under the call of rural revitalization, and led local residents to design and build the first prefabricated residential house in the village with an assembly rate of 80%. The entire construction cycle was only 58d, which truly met the requirements of building energy saving, green and environmental protection.

6 Conclusion

In conclusion, under the background of rural revitalization, the development of prefabricated residential buildings in rural areas has great development potential, give play to the government’s leadership, optimize the industrial structure, increase technical investment, promote “bamboo instead of wood”, do a good job of policy guidance, and increase the training of rural prefabricated talents. With the active role of BIM technology, reasonable separation of prefabricated components is in line with characteristic development. Strengthening the publicity work of prefabricated buildings in order to promote the high-quality development of rural prefabricated buildings can not only improve rural economic growth and improve the quality of life, but also help promote the construction of a beautiful new countryside, which is in line with the long-term needs of the rural revitalization strategy.