Keywords

1 Introduction

The construction industry is an important pillar of a country, and with the rapid development of science and technology, the concept of green buildings has been effectively implemented. This new type of prefabricated building technology has been widely applied. Compared with traditional construction methods, this technology has significant advantages in engineering quality, environmental friendliness, standardized production processes, and controllable construction progress. Therefore, it has become an important research topic for the development of the construction industry in the new era [1].

2 Principles of Applying Prefabricated Construction Technology Under the Concept of Green Building

2.1 Effective Utilization of Renewable Energy

During the construction of the new concept, green prefabricated building pay more attention to the use of green and environmentally friendly new energy sources. By collecting and utilizing solar energy, water energy and wind energy, and properly using the existing resources around, not only can further solve the building's energy needs, but also in a certain sense can alleviate environmental pollution, thus effectively reduce the damage to the natural environment.

2.2 Principle of Effective Environmental Protection

Environmental assessment holds a relatively important position in both domestic and international building evaluation systems. This indicator encompasses not only the waste generated by construction projects but also the environmental pollution caused by them. In modern green buildings, waste recycling pools can be used to recycle waste materials. Advanced technologies such as mobile jet engines can even be employed to recycle these waste materials, thereby reducing environmental pollution.

2.3 The Principle of Standardization

In the process of architectural design, we should carry out the concept of “Standardization”, especially green building. In traditional building engineering, waterproof and thermal insulation will affect the quality of the whole building, construction technology can not guarantee the quality of the building. The use of prefabricated building technology makes it possible to standardize the production of waterproof and thermal insulation materials, including waterproofing, insulation and main structures, in the processing of components of external walls and roofs of buildings, can make waterproof layer and insulation layer more perfect, effective quality control [2].

3 Effective Advantages of Applying Prefabricated Construction Technology Under the Concept of Green Building

3.1 Improved Energy Efficiency and Reduced Pollution Emission

In prefabricated building technology, the building materials and components used are more environmentally friendly. They are all environmentally friendly materials advocated by the state. Standardized modules are used for production and construction, can further reduce industrial waste, greatly reduce the actual construction in the construction of building materials, electricity, water and other resources consumption, greatly improve the building's resource efficiency. At the same time, because of greatly improving the utilization rate of resources and reducing the waste of resources, the quantity of construction waste and the emission of pollution will be significantly reduced. In addition, can further reduce the construction process of dust and other emissions, after the demolition of part of the assembly-type accessories and building materials can be re-used.

3.2 Enhanced Safety Performance of Building Projects

Through the reasonable design of assembly structure, it can effectively solve the contradiction between high-strength concrete technology and precast prestressing technology, therefore, its anti-seismic effect is also better, the safety performance is also better. At the same time, the materials of the prefabricated components used in the prefabricated building are able to effectively control their ignition point and, in the event of a fire, to effectively isolate the fire by controlling the rapid spread of the fire, it can improve the fire protection ability of the building and greatly improve the safety level of the building.

3.3 Upgraded Development of Green Building Concepts

Most of the building materials used in the construction of prefabricated building projects are green, while a small amount of light construction materials can effectively control the overall quality of the house. In addition, it also has strong corrosion resistance, fire resistance and sound insulation effect, through the appropriate adjustment and combination of prefabricated components, can achieve an effective connection between the components, thus improving the overall performance of the building. Moreover, the low thermal conductivity of the materials used in prefabricated construction results in strong insulation performance. Hence, prefabricated construction technology aligns effectively with the principles of green building [3].

3.4 Reduction of Construction Time

Since the structures used in the prefabricated building are manufactured in the factory, the construction process can be completed simultaneously with the assembly process through a scientific and rational design of the construction plan, thus the construction time is effectively reduced. The work efficiency of engineering installation can be greatly improved by transporting the pre-prepared construction parts to the site and then assembling the pre-fabricated parts according to the installation construction drawings and using appropriate mechanical equipment, the hidden trouble of construction quality and safety risk caused by human factors are reduced, and the construction period of construction project is shortened [4].

4 Analysis of Key Technologies in Prefabricated Construction Under the Concept of Green Architecture

4.1 BIM Technology

The application of BIM technology can optimize the design of the prefabricated building. It can provide a more comprehensive and detailed picture of the construction project in the form of a three-dimensional visual model, this is very important to improve the quality of the building. Manufacturers can calculate the size and number of prefabricated components needed for a building based on a three-dimensional model, which not only increases the abundance of the material itself, but also reduces the waste of resources, meet the needs of green building development. In addition, the correct application of BIM technology can also reduce the investment in the operation of existing technology, which is very important to improve the level of construction. In the past, when a building was under construction, builders often had to consult a lot of paper documents to more accurately assess whether the deliverables met the needs of major projects, some projects also encounter problems with changes to data and drawings. If the data can not be collected scientifically and effectively, it will inevitably have a negative impact on the normal operation of the follow-up work. With the application of BIM technology, it can help the staff to collect all kinds of information of the project, and build the model on this basis, so as to facilitate the construction operation and management [5].

4.2 Sleeve Grouting Technique

Sleeve grouting technology can effectively improve the overall quality of joints, is an indispensable technology in the construction of assembly-type housing. In this technique, no welding is required, but grout is injected into a cylinder with a raised shape to hold the rebar tightly together. Sleeve grouting is a new technology of compression and tension resistance, which can improve the joint of steel bar and the whole performance of structure. When adopting this technology, the grouting method can be used to make the casing and the reinforcing bar tightly combined, thus effectively improving the overall quality of the joint. The solidified cement slurry can meet the requirement of grade 1 welding. In the construction of Assembly type house, the whole quality of joint is an important link that can not be ignored. Meanwhile, the rigid connection is formed at the grouting hole, which improves the quality of composite structure. However, the construction process is complex, and it is difficult to effectively control the actual quality of grouting casing, and the project cost is high. For this technology, the quality of grouting tube must be strictly controlled to achieve better results as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 1.
figure 1

Semi-sleeve grouting

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Fig. 2.
figure 2

Full-sleeve grouting

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4.3 Optimization Technology of Reinforced Concrete Structure

In prefabricated construction, each floor of the building is considered as a relatively independent building unit, and the processing specifications of the steel components are determined, which can reduce the waste of materials and increase the efficiency of resource use. When the concrete is poured, the construction personnel may, according to the situation on the spot, appropriately choose the method of division pouring, make clear the process of the pouring work, and record the specific quantity of pouring, in the early stage of construction, the amount of pouring materials to reasonable control, so as to reduce the root causes of construction problems in the probability [6].

5 Application of Prefabricated Construction Technology in Real Life Under the Background of Green Building

5.1 Applications in Assembly Customization

In traditional building assembly, there is usually a fixed form of assembly, however, in the concept of green building, assembly construction technology has broken this pattern. According to the special needs of customers, wall panels, balconies, beams, columns, stairs and other related components and connectors, in advance in the construction of the manufacturing base of prefabricated components to prefabricate, at the same time, it is also necessary to select a more reasonable mixture proportion according to the specific construction site and characteristics, so as to better prevent pitting and cracks during pouring. After finally arriving at the construction site, all the prefabricated building components are spliced together by using the method of building blocks splicing. Thus in the premise of standardization, to achieve personalized custom assembly construction technology, efficient and economic as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.
figure 3

Prefabricated building structure

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5.2 The Application in the Optimization Design of PC Component

The application of PC component is very common in assembly structure. However, there are some problems in the application of this method, such as resource waste and environmental pollution, so it is necessary to optimize the PC component. In practical application, combined with lifting force and installation position of tower crane equipment, the weight of prefabricated steps is reduced, and the balcony of prefabricated steps is changed into a stacking terrace, thus reducing the self-weight of buildings, reduce the use of specific materials. In this way, some common quality problems can be prevented. Among them, the stairs, bay windows, balconies and other relevant parts of the design, to combine the shutter, air conditioning and other specific parts, using prefabricated methods. In practice, CAD technology can be used to build models of various installation nodes of prefabricated PC components to improve the accuracy of design through scientific ways, it promotes the cooperation of installation and civil prevention, realizes the visualization of construction process, realizes the effective control of project quality, and improves the environmental protection performance of work system. In order to effectively reduce energy consumption in transport and minimize the distance between buildings and production sites, Additionally, during the prefabrication stage, the use of permeable temporary brick materials and proper handling of residual concrete materials should be considered to avoid resource waste. Furthermore, the adoption of PC technology for prefabricated components in decoration work effectively enhances construction quality and efficiency while reducing project costs as shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.
figure 4

Optimization of prefabricated building PC component hoisting technology

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5.3 Application of Prefabricated Components in Building Doors and Windows

In traditional construction projects, designing and installing doors and windows typically involve leaving openings and adding them later once the doors and windows are ready. This approach often leads to issues such as leaks and aesthetic concerns. However, the application of green and sustainable prefabricated construction methods effectively addresses this problem. In prefabricated wall panels, the corresponding positions for doors and windows are already pre-determined during the manufacturing process. Additionally, during the design and production of features like drip lines, drainage slopes, and joints for doors and windows, they can be integrated with the pre-designed openings and cast in one go. This approach allows for more precise control over the dimensions of the prefabricated components, thereby avoiding water leakage issues in the later stages. In prefabricated construction, once the prefabricated door and window components are completed, they can be directly assembled with the main structure at the construction site. This eliminates the need for additional on-site adjustments and ensures a more efficient and streamlined installation process [7].

6 Conclusion

In the current era, China advocates for green development as a fundamental national policy, and all industries should actively respond to it. It is necessary to not only promote industrial development but also prioritize environmental protection. Particularly in popular industries like construction, it is crucial to set an example and contribute to the country's environmental efforts. In the context of green development, the use of prefabricated construction techniques is a response to the new era and new policies. Prefabricated construction technology not only greatly improves the quality and speed of construction but also achieves resource and environmental conservation, significantly reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry. Therefore, under the concept of green architecture, prefabricated construction technology is a response to the needs of the times and should be strongly advocated and supported.