Keywords

1 Introduction

Prefabricated building is one of the important forms of development in the current construction industry [1]. The pre-fabricated concrete structure design of such buildings determines the efficiency and quality of engineering construction. It is necessary to ensure that the design of each concrete structure is reasonable, can meet the needs of standardized construction, and prevent the assembly problems caused by design errors, which is the key to ensure the construction period is shortened and cost control benefits [2]. At present, the application of BIM technology in the field of construction is also increasing. It is necessary to study the design method of prefabricated concrete structure based on BIM technology for the optimization of construction and the improvement of quality and efficiency of construction projects.

2 Basic Characteristics of Prefabricated Engineering

First, design standardization. In order to ensure the “seamless” assembly construction results of prefabricated buildings, each prefabricated component needs to go through a standard design inspection. The standard design harmonizes the production standards and specifications of precast components to ensure that the design errors of concrete structures are within the acceptable range [3]. Such prefabricated parts can be effectively connected during the assembly process to ensure the overall structural stability and quality reliability of the building.

Second, industrialization of prefabricated parts production. In prefabricated buildings, more precast concrete components are needed to meet the needs of a large number of prefabricated engineering buildings, so the industrialization process must be accelerated. In this case, production activities include prefabricated components and the main structure of the building.

Third, professional construction and assembly. The construction of prefabricated buildings does not require a lot of construction personnel, but must ensure its professionalism. The installation personnel must have corresponding qualifications during the installation process to ensure the professionalism of the construction personnel. In addition, high-performance machinery is required during the assembly process to ensure a more precise construction method.

Fourth, building structure integration. The structural integration of prefabricated buildings is also one of its important characteristics, which helps to improve the stability and coordination of the building structure and ensure the integrity and compressive strength of the structure [4].

3 Advantages of Using BIM Technology in Prefabricated Concrete Structure Design

In the construction industry, BIM technology can also play an important role in ensuring project progress, improving project quality, and preventing corruption in project implementation [5]. BIM technology is a method of using information technology and digital models to design, build and manage projects. The industry believes that BIM technology is the second revolution in the construction industry after CAD. BIM is an interdisciplinary discipline, which is the product of the close combination of civil engineering and information technology disciplines [6]. BIM technology can be applied to a variety of civil and road construction projects, bridge construction, waterway construction and other projects. BIM technology is the future development direction of building information technology with its characteristics of large data set, modeling and visualization. The field of civil engineering is a field prone to corruption. The implementation of BIM can simulate the construction process in advance, reduce design defects, reduce rework, effectively improve project quality, and effectively prevent corruption. Through accurate calculation and design of BIM, the cost can be reduced and controlled within a given range [7]. BIM technology has the advantages of “full business coverage, complete process documentation, and traceable results”, and it is feasible to apply it to the construction of prefabricated projects.

At present, the application of BIM technology in building construction continues to develop, and its positive role is becoming more and more important. The use of BIM technology in assembly engineering can effectively reduce the time and technical costs of engineers. In prefabricated buildings, using BIM technology for project design can intuitively carry out work and project management, and provide accurate information. With the powerful BIM modeling function, the construction process of prefabricated parts can be simulated, problems that may occur in the construction process can be solved, unnecessary errors and collisions can be avoided, and the construction scheme can be improved, which is a necessary effort to reduce costs. Using BIM technology to design the assembly engineering frame can accurately calculate the project cost and accurately calculate the traditional manual drawing mode, improve the drawing efficiency and save the design time and cost [8]. In addition, the use of BIM technology in prefabricated buildings can calculate and analyze the force, deflection, hanging pull and other information of the building, and can also assist construction planning to avoid unnecessary safety problems. Through effective technical analysis, it can also accurately design the structural design of precast concrete components, and constantly reduce the error of precast parts, which is necessary to improve production efficiency and reduce costs [9].

4 Design Method of Prefabricated Concrete Structure Based on BIM Technology

4.1 Application in Concrete Structure Design

As shown in Fig. 1, it is the concrete deepening design drawing of an assembled engineering project, which aims to use BIM technology to deepen the design of civil drawings, mainly to complete the deepening design of the headroom, beam, plate and column, stairs and water collection Wells in engineering construction, and to give scientific and reasonable guidance to the effective construction of the site construction team.

Fig. 1.
figure 1

Design drawing of concrete structure

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In addition, BIM technology can also be applied in the steel bar layout design of the project to deepen the design diagram for the steel structure of the project. Building project design drawing based on BIM technology according to the complex and changeable structural characteristics of steel frame column, the use of BIM technology for secondary deepening design, the realization of steel column joints, steel beam joints and other complex parts of the design, processing, installation and optimization problems [10]. The application of BIM technology in other aspects of concrete structure design is shown in Fig. 2 below:

Fig. 2.
figure 2

Application of concrete aided precast design

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It can be seen that with the support of BIM technology, many precast concrete parts of prefabricated buildings can be accurately designed and produced. Therefore, BIM technology has important application value for prefabricated engineering.

4.2 Application in Lightweight Model

The use of lightweight BIM model in prefabricated building projects can realize the plane layout and site division of the construction site, and build various temporary facilities by using BIM technology and according to the Construction Plan, so as to display the safe and civilized construction status and CI planning of the site layout more intuitively and clearly [11].

In the application of BIM model, mobile devices are used to visualize the BIM optical model in the field. In addition, the design department adopts 4D construction cycle software for schedule management, which is conducive to the elaboration of construction plans and significantly improves the execution of construction plans. The overall graphic scheme is combined with the BIM model to create a 4D construction cycle, which can fully simulate the entire prefabricated construction process, and accurately control each foundation and each design, so that the construction organization does not have collisions and dead corners [12]. The 3D laser scanner used in the construction of prefabricated projects together with BIM technology can focus on the following tasks: (1) construction quality control; ② Steel structure pre-assembly; (3) Structural deformation monitoring; ④ Professional reverse curtain wall construction, small decoration, etc. With the progress of the project, the completion model of LOD500 will be gradually generated to manage the operation and maintenance of the property, and the intelligent management of the building will be realized by using BIM technology.

5 Application Prospect of BIM Technology in Prefabricated Engineering

In recent years, engineering construction safety management has attracted much attention, and the application of BIM technology to prefabricated engineering can promote engineering management and design to a new level. Based on BIM technology, the relevant engineering dynamic management system can successfully integrate the functions of BIM model and calculation model, and can monitor the safety status of the structure in real time, dynamically manage and analyze the construction progress, and provide reliable technical support and services for disaster prevention and reduction work. In recent years, the types of construction projects are constantly changing, especially the increase of long-span steel structure bridge projects, and the requirements for the comprehensive solution of large control problems, large spans and technical standards are constantly increasing. A high level of construction and production safety monitoring requires strong technical support, and in this regard, BIM technology can provide effective technical support. It is necessary to further develop and apply BIM technology, which will promote the optimization and development of prefabricated building projects.

6 Summary

There are some differences between prefabricated projects and traditional construction projects, which require a large number of prefabricated parts for assembly and construction. In this regard, BIM technology is needed to ensure the structural optimization design of concrete prefabricated parts, ensure the reliable production accuracy of prefabricated parts, and improve the construction quality of prefabricated construction projects.