Abstract
The India water vision on enhancing water productivity aims for a technology-based improved water use by providing affordable, appropriate, and accessible water management technologies at all levels. About 22% of the available technologies/practices are currently adopted and based on the financial viability, only 8–10% of the adopted technologies are successful. Among the regions, southern and western regions account for comparatively a higher percentage of adoption (23–26%) and north-east region for a lower percentage (11%). The region-wise technology gap in water saving is comparatively lower (32%) in the southern region whereas the per cent gap in yield is lower in the northern region (48%). Two possible ways to increase the productivity per unit of water include bridging the technology gaps (i) by adopting the appropriate technologies/practices for different crops in those areas where traditional practices are followed (technology gap1), and (ii) by effectively adopting the technologies for different crops and soils in farmers’ fields as per research station guidelines (technology gap2). Measures like digital agriculture, climate-smart agriculture (CSA), and transformative investment in CSA are also discussed. Refocusing water management research, strengthening the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) implementation, initiating capacity building programmes for farmers, and developing public–private partnership are suggested to improve technology up-scaling.
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Notes
- 1.
Studies also express the physical productivity interms of kg/mm of water (i.e., 10 m3 = 1 mm of water) applied. In the case of economic productivity, the issue is the price, where the physical water productivity may be lower but due to higher price of the products, the economic productivity may look higher. Hence generalizations of the water productivity should be carefully made taking into account the units used, type of technologies and location specific factors.
- 2.
The conservative estimate of 42–45 m ha MI potential is considered here. The medium term period potential has been worked out based on the adoption level of the sprinkler, drip, and mini-sprinkler in the last 2 decades, i.e., 55% of the total potential under sprinkler; 60% under mini-sprinkler and 80% of the total potential under drip will be covered in medium term.
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Palanisami, K., Nagothu, U.S. (2024). Enhancing Water Productivity and Climate-Smart Technologies. In: India's Water Future in a Changing Climate. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1785-9_7
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