Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ACLED. (2021). Mid-Year Update: 10 Conflicts to Worry About in 2021. Retrieved from The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: https://acleddata.com/2021/08/05/mid-year-update-10-conflicts-to-worry-about-in-2021/#1612195870459-59840c64-a2b4c431-25b1
ADB. (2018). Kazakhstan country diagnostic study: highlights. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/445446/kazakhstan-diagnostic-study-highlights.pdf
Adamovich. A., Marples, D., French, R. Rostovtsev, M. (2023). Belarus. Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Belarus
Ahn, D. T. (2018). Vietnam’s Maritime Security Challenges and Regional Defence and Security Cooperation. Retrieved from Soundings. Sea Power Centre - Australia: https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/CMDR_Anh_Duc_Ton_Vietnams_Maritime_Security_Challenges_0.pdf
Alberdia, J., & Barroso, M. (2021). Broadening the analysis of peace in mozambique: exploring emerging violence in times of transnational extractivism in Cabo Delgado. Global Society, 35(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2020.1772730
Ali, R., & Stevano, S. (2022). Work in agro-industry and the social reproduction of labour in Mozambique: Contradictions in the current accumulation system. Review of African Political Economy, 49(171), 67–86.
Altynbayev, K. (2019). 2018: a year of pivotal events in Central Asia. CARAVANSERAI https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2019/01/04/feature-02
Anwar, D. F. (2018). Indonesia's Vision of Regional Order in East Asia amis U.S.-China Rivalry: Continuity and Change. Asia Policy, 13(2), 57–63.
ASEAN. (2020). Vietnam in ASEAN : Toward Cooperation for Mutual Benefits. Retrieved from Association of Southeast Asian Nations: https://asean.org/vietnam-in-asean-toward-cooperation-for-mutual-benefits/
Azernews. (2023). Demarcation of Kazakh- Uzbek state border fully completed. https://www.azernews.az/region/212128.html
Azretbergenova, G. Syzdykova, A. (2020). The Dependence of the Kazakhstan Economy on the Oil Sector and the Importance of Export Diversification. International Journal of Energy, Economics and Policy. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2020-06-20.html
BBC News. (2020). Alexander Lukashenko, el líder que no esconde su “estilo autoritario” y cuya reelección en Bielorrusia desató unas inéditas protestas https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-53722601
BBC News. (2023). Belarus: country profile https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17941131
BBC News. (2023). Kazakhstan country profile https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15263826
Bruna, N. (2022). Green extractivism and financialisation in Mozambique: The case of Gilé National Reserve. Review of African Political Economy, 49(171), 138–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2022.2049129
Campi, A. (2018b). Mongolia and the Dilemmas of Deepening Eurasian Continentalism. Mongolian Journal of International Affairs (20), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v20i0.1022
Campi, A. (2018a). Mongolian Foreign Relations under 25 Years of Democracy. In T.-K. Chang, & A. Chang, Routledge Handbook of Asia in World Politics (p. 285). Routledge.
Castel-Branco, C. N. (2014). Growth, capital accumulation and economic porosity in Mozambique: Social losses, private gains. Review of African Political Economy, 41(sup1), S26–S48. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2014.976363
Castel-Branco, C. N., & Greco, E. (2022). Mozambique – neither miracle nor mirage. Review of African Political Economy, 171, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2022.2047297
Charrel, M. (2022). Kazakh oil, a precious resource under Russian surveillance. Le Monde https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2022/10/18/kazakh-oil-a-precious-resource-under-russian-surveillance_6000742_19.html
CIA. (2023). Timor-Leste. Retrieved from The World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/timor-leste/#people-and-society
Dewdney, J., Conquest, R., McCauley, M. (2023). Soviet Union. Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Soviet-Union
Do, T. T. (2022). Vietnam’s emergence as a middle power in Asia: Unfolding the power-knowledge Nexus. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 41(2), 279–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034221081
Eguegu, O. (2022). Russia’s private military diplomacy in Africa: High risk, low reward, limited impact. South African Journal of International Affairs, 29(4), 445–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2022.2142276
EIA. (2019). Background Reference: Kazakhstan https://www.eia.gov/international/content/analysis/countries_long/Kazakhstan/background.htm
Elliott, D. W. (2012). Changing Worlds. Vietnam’s Transition from Cold War to Globalization. Oxford University Press.
EPR-Atlas. (2021). Mozambique. Retrieved from GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform: https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Mozambique
ESRV. (2001). Political Report of the Central Committee at the IX Congress. (E. o. America, Editor) Retrieved from Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the United States of America: https://vietnamembassy-usa.org/news/2001/04/political-report-central-committee-ix-congress
FH. (2011). Freedom in the World 2011 – Mozambique. Retrieved from UNHCR refworld: https://www.refworld.org/docid/4dcbf515a.html
FH. (2022). Mongolia. (F. House, Editor) Retrieved from Freedom in the World 2022: https://freedomhouse.org/country/mongolia/freedom-world/2022
Fish, S. M. (1998). Mongolia: democracy without prerequisites. Journal of Democracy, 9(3), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1998.0044
Genovese, S. (2018). Prosecuting U.N. peacekeepers for sexual and gender-based violence in the central African republic. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 43, 609–637. Retrieved from https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil/vol43/iss2/12
Glock, C. (2017). Can the Central African Republic Carry on Without France? The RUSI Journal, 162(6), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2017.1414916
Hausmann, R. Barrios, D. Brenot, C. Taniparti, N. Protzer, E. Henn, S. (2023). The Economic Complexity pf Kazakhstan: a roadmap for sustainable and inclusive growth. Harvard Kennedy School https://growthlab.hks.harvard.edu/files/growthlab/files/2023-02-cid-wp-426-kazakhstan-complexity.pdf
Hulan, H. (1997). Session 2. The Changing Emphasis of the Fund: Implications for Stabilization and Growth Policies. (I. M. Fund, Editor) Retrieved from Asia and the IMF: https://www.imf.org/external/np/apd/asia/hulan.htm
IISS. (2013). Central African Republic: instability and intervention. (T. I. Studies, Ed.) Strategic Comments, 19(9), ix–x. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13567888.2013.877693
Jones, L. (2012). ASEAN, Sovereignty and intervention in Southeast Asia. Palgrave MacMillan.
Joseph, A., & Hamaguchi, T. (2014). Timor-Leste: The history and development of Asia’s Newest Nation. Lexington Books.
Kane, M. (2014). Interreligious violence in the Central African Republic. An analysis of the causes and implications. African Security Review, 23(3), 312–317. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2014.931625
KEMLU. (2016). Indonesia at a Glance. Retrievied from Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia: https://kemlu.go.id/vancouver/en/pages/indonesia_at_a_glance/2016/etc-menu
Kewir, K. J. (2020). Rethinking regional security in central Africa: The case of the Central African Republic. International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity, 15(2), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2019.1671774
Kingsbury, D. (2009). East Timor: The Price of Liberty. Palgrave Macmillan.
Krishna, V. (2014). Mongolian Foreign Policy Implications for Russia and China. Mongolian Journal of International Affairs (19), 67–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v19i0.406
Le, D. T. (2021). A multi-level approach to vietnam foreign policy: from security preoccupation to middle power role. Strategic Analysis, 4, 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2021.1938942
Le Hong, H. (2023). Vietnam’s Foreign Policy: Structure, Evolution, and Contemporary Challenges. In J. D. London (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Vietnam (pp. 117–127). Routledge.
Le Hong, H. (2019). The Belt and Road Initiative in Vietnam. (N. I. Studies, Ed.) Retrieved from NIDS ASEAN Workshop 2019 “China's BRI and ASEAN”: http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/joint_research/series17/pdf/chapter04.pdf
Leach, M. (2017). Nation-Building and National Identity in Timor-Leste. Routledge.
Lundry, C. (2002). From passivity to political resource: The Catholic Church and the development of nationalism in East Timor. Asian Studies, 38(1), 1–33.
MacIntyre, A. (2006). Indonesia as a poorly performinf. En M. V. Nancy Birdsall, Short of the Goal: U.S Policy and Poorly Performing States (págs. 117–143). Center for Global Development
Mammadov, R. (2020). Belarus’ role in East European energy geopolitics. The Jamestown Foundation https://jamestown.org/program/belaruss-role-in-east-european-energy-geopolitics/
Marples, D. French, R. (2023). History of Belarus. Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Belarus/The-emergence-of-the-Belorussian-Soviet-Socialist-Republic
Mashimbye, R. (2022). Terrorism, insurgency, and regional stability: The case of Mozambique. International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity, 17(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2022.2034483
MFAM. (2021c). Third Neighbors. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia: https://mfa.gov.mn/en/diplomatic/56715/
MFAM. (2021a). Mongolia-China Relations. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia: https://mfa.gov.mn/en/diplomatic/56803/
MFAM. (2021b). Russian Federation. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia: https://mfa.gov.mn/en/diplomatic/56801/
Mikovic, N. (2023). Russia’s ally Kazakhstan turns eyes to the west. The Interpreter https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/russia-s-ally-kazakhstan-turns-eyes-west
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2007–2020c). Cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation in trade and investments https://mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/russia/regions/economy/
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2007–2020). Foreign Policy of the Republic of Belarus https://mfa.gov.by/en/foreign_policy/general_information/
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2007–2020b). Principles, goals, and objectives of the foreign policy of the republic of Belarus https://mfa.gov.by/en/foreign_policy/aims/
Morales Ruvalcaba, D., & Rocha Valencia, A. (2022). Geoestructura de poder en el sistema político internacional: un enfoque trans-estructural. Geopolítica(s) Revista de estudios sobre espacio y poder, 13(1), 41–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.5209/geop.72589
Morales Ruvalcaba, D. (2023b). World Power Index. Retrieved from https://www.worldpowerindex.com/
Morales Ruvalcaba, D. (2023a). The distribution of power in the periphery: An approach with the World Power Index. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 36(2), 260–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2020.1854178
Ozod, T. (2023, September 14). How Uzbekistan promotes regional integration in Central Asia. The Diplomat https://thediplomat.com/2023/09/how-uzbekistan-promotes-regional-integration-in-central-asia/
Phan, X. D. (2022). No one can force vietnam to choose sides: Vietnam as a self-reliant middle power. Asia Policy, 17(4), 151–179. https://doi.org/10.1353/asp.2022.0061
Pomfret, R. (2000). Transition and Democracy in Mongolia. Europe-Asia Studies, 52(1), 149–160. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/153756
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2020). On the Concept of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2020–2030. https://www.akorda.kz/en/legal_acts/decrees/on-the-concept-of-the-foreign-policy-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-for-2020-2030
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2023). Republic of Kazakhstan https://www.akorda.kz/en/republic_of_kazakhstan/kazakhstan
President of the Republic of Belarus. (2023a). Economy of Belarus https://president.gov.by/en/belarus/economics
President of the Republic of Belarus. (2023b). Key trading partners https://president.gov.by/en/belarus/economics/foreign-trade/key-trade-partners
President of the Republic of Belarus. (2023c). Politics https://president.gov.by/en/gosudarstvo/politics#:~:text=The%20foreign%20policy%20of%20Belarus,and%20norms%20of%20international%20law
President of the Republic of Belarus. (2023d). Union State https://president.gov.by/en/belarus/economics/economic-integration/union-state
Reeves, J. (2018). Mongolia’s Place in China’s Periphery Diplomacy. In G. Rozman, & S. Radchenko, International Relations and Asia’s Northern Tier. Sino-Russia Relations, North Korea, and Mongolia (p. 321). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3144-1_11
Robinon, G. (2010). If You Leave Us Here, We Will Die”: How Genocide Was Stopped in East Timor. Princeton University Press.
Rodney, W. (1982). De cómo Europa subdesarrolló a África. Siglo XXI: Mexico.
Rossabi, M. (2005). Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists. University of California Press.
Ruehl, H. (2019). The Khorgos Hype on the belt and road. The Diplomat https://thediplomat.com/2019/09/the-khorgos-hype-on-the-belt-and-road/
Sabloff, P. L. (2002). Why Mongolia? The political culture of an emerging democracy. Central Asian Survey, 21(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930220127928
Shraibman, A. (2023). Why Lukashenko’s Diplomatic Flurry is Futile. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace https://carnegieendowment.org/politika/89202
SMF. (2023). Politbarometer. Retrieved from Sant Maral Foundation: https://www.santmaral.org/_files/ugd/915e91_658ad78e7b8e469d828b49a2c359e494.pdf
Sneath, D. (2002). Mongolia in the ‘Age of the Market’: Pastoral Land-use and the Development Discourse. In R. Mandel, & C. Humphrey, Markets and Moralities. Ethnographies of Postsocialism (p. 240). New York: Berg.
The Brussels Times. (2021). Strengthening integration and cohesion in Central Asia https://www.brusselstimes.com/176744/integration-processes-in-central-asia-the-role-of-uzbekistan
Teo, S. (2022). Middle powers amid Sino-U.S. rivalry: assessing the ‘good regional citizenship’ of Australia and Indonesia. The Pacific Review, 35(6), 1135–1161.
Tuvshinjargal, D., & Avralt-Od, P. (2015). The Wolf Economy and Natural Resource Trap. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(8), 812–819. https://doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2015.v3.291
Umarov, T. (2022). Kazakhstan is breaking out of Russia’s grip. Foreign Policy https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/09/16/kazakhstan-russia-ukraine-war/.
Urnova, A. (2009). Kazakhstan: the road to independence. Energy, policy, and the birth of the nation. Wilson Center https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/kazakhstan-the-road-to-independence-energy-policy-and-the-birth-nation
USEM. (2019). Mongolia and U.S. Announce Their Participation in Khaan Quest 2019. Retrieved from U.S. Embassy in Mongolia: https://mn.usembassy.gov/2019-pr-khan-quest/
VLLF. (2023). Vietnam’s 28 years of ASEAN membership: Joining hands for strong, united, prosperous community. Retrieved from Vietnam Law & Legal Forum: https://vietnamlawmagazine.vn/vietnams-28-years-of-asean-membership-joining-hands-for-strong-united-prosperous-community-70211.html
WB. (2023a). Mongolia. (T. W. Bank, Editor) Retrieved from World Bank Open Data: https://data.worldbank.org/country/mongolia?view=chart
West, H. D. (2008). Govern Yourselves!”: Democracy and Carnage in Northern Mozambique. In J. Paley (Ed.), Democracy: Anthropological Approaches (pp. 97–121). SOAS School of Advanced Research Press.
Wikileaks. (2006). Whither U.S.-Mongolia relations? Retrieved September 10, 2023, from Cable: 06ULAANBAATAR667_a: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06ULAANBAATAR667_a.html
World Bank. (2021). Indonesia Trade. Retrieved from World Bank: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountrySnapshot/en/IDN/textview
World Bank. (2023). GDP per capita https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=KZ-UZ-TM-KG-TJ
WTO. (2003). Viet Nam starts its ‘quantum jump’ but still some way to go. (W. T. Organization, Editor) Retrieved from WTO News: 2003 News Items: https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news03_e/acc_vietnam_12dec_e.htm
WTO. (2022b). Mongolia. Retrieved from World Trade Organization Trade Profiles: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/trade_profiles/MN_e.pdf
WTO. (2022a). Viet Nam. Retrieved from World Trade Organization Trade Profiles: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/trade_profiles/VN_e.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tzili Apango, E., Briceño Montes, J., Ramos Flores, M., Franco, A. (2024). The Peripheral States in the International Geostructure. In: Morales Ruvalcaba, D., Rocha Valencia, A. (eds) National Power and International Geostructure. Contributions to International Relations. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1180-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1180-2_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-97-1179-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-97-1180-2
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)