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New Zealand’s Growing Space Sector: A Technological and Science Perspective

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Ascending to Space

Part of the book series: Space Law and Policy ((SLP))

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Abstract

New Zealand’s space sector is in a phase of rapid growth, catalysed by the success of Rocket Lab. The increasing activity in space science, engineering and related topics suggests that interest and appetite in these fields has been long latent or under-supported. It is generally held that increased investment in the local space sector is likely to generate rewards in the form of valuable intellectual property, increased high dollar-to-weight export products, high-value services and an increased standing in international academic and educational forums. The opportunities and benefits to New Zealand as a space-active nation, however, must be balanced against the risks and cost. This balancing act is itself an opportunity: one in which New Zealand demonstrates its commitment to both the international community as a responsible actor in space based on the extant norms in that community, while also ensuring that the particular values of New Zealand society are reflected in our activities.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Synonymous with orbital mechanics.

  2. 2.

    https://spoc.auckland.ac.nz/.

  3. 3.

    https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/news/2021/launching-a-space-lab-into-orbit.html.

  4. 4.

    Outer Space and High-altitude Activities Act 2017, 16(2).

  5. 5.

    Some groups are part sponsored by a university department. UC Aerospace (formerly the University of Canterbury Rocketry Club), for example, is sponsored by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Canterbury.

  6. 6.

    https://www.kiwisat.org.nz/.

  7. 7.

    https://nz.usembassy.gov/nasa-internships/.

  8. 8.

    https://www.mbie.govt.nz/science-and-technology/space/nasa-internships/.

  9. 9.

    https://zenno.space/.

  10. 10.

    https://www.tec.govt.nz/funding/funding-and-performance/funding/fund-finder/entrepreneurial-universities/.

  11. 11.

    The name of the Institute was subsequently changed to Te Pūnaha Ātea Space Institute.

  12. 12.

    https://space.auckland.ac.nz/home/facilities/national-satellite-test-facility-nstf/.

  13. 13.

    https://www.christchurch.space/.

  14. 14.

    For an introduction to this topic, the reader can refer to the resources managed by the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (United Nations Publications, 2018). Briefly, New Zealand has agreed to the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (also known as the Outer Space Treaty); the Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (also known as the Rescue Agreement); and the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (also known as the Liability Convention). These agreements were made in 1967, 1969 and 1974, respectively. Most recently, New Zealand acceded to the Convention on the Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (the Registration Convention), in 2018.

  15. 15.

    The principles of the Accords relate to civil space activities and regulate activities not just on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars: “[t]hese activities may take place on the Moon, Mars, comets, and asteroids, including their surfaces and subsurfaces, as well as in orbit of the Moon or Mars, in the Lagrangian points for the Earth-Moon system, and in transit between these celestial bodies and locations” (Artemis, 2020).

  16. 16.

    See also the related secondary legislation, the Outer Space and High-Altitude Activities (Licences and Permits) Regulations 2017 and the Outer Space and High-Altitude Activities (Definition of High-altitude Vehicle) Regulations 2017 (New Zealand Government, 2017b, c).

  17. 17.

    https://www.mbie.govt.nz/science-and-technology/space/about-us/.

  18. 18.

    An interesting tension arising from the Act and discussed in the review is that there is currently no definition of “outer space” in the OSHAA Act. In contrast, a definition of “high-altitude” is given. This, in turn, raises some issues, including, for instance, whether or not there is clarity on the relationship between launch licences and high-altitude licences issued under the OSHAA Act.

  19. 19.

    https://www.afrl.af.mil/AFOSR/.

  20. 20.

    https://www.mbie.govt.nz/about/news/new-zealanddlr-frontier-joint-research-programme-funding-announced/.

  21. 21.

    https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/aerospace-sector-reach-new-heights-govt-strategy-and-funding.

  22. 22.

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Nicholas James Rattenbury

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    Maria A. Pozza

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Rattenbury, N.J. (2024). New Zealand’s Growing Space Sector: A Technological and Science Perspective. In: Pozza, M.A. (eds) Ascending to Space. Space Law and Policy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0714-0_13

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