Abstract
Consumer research studies illuminate how visual media and marketing representations can disempower and marginalize some social groupings and reinforce existing oppressive categorizations and power relations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Băicoianu A (2005) Top hat and fur cap: postcolonialism, postcommunism and their discontents. Euresis: Cahiers roumains d’études littéraires et culturelles 1:48–53
Ballinger P (2017) Whatever happened to Eastern Europe? Revisiting Europe’s eastern peripheries. East Eur Polit Soc 31(1):44–67
Bancroft A (1999) ‘Gypsies to the camps!’: exclusion and marginalisation of Roma in the Czech Republic. Sociol Res Online 4(3):206–219
Bhabha HK (1995) Cultural diversity and cultural differences. In: Ashcroft B, Griffiths G, Tiffin H (eds) The post-colonial studies reader. Routledge, New York, pp 155–157
Borgerson JL, Schroeder JE (2002) Ethical issues of global marketing: avoiding bad faith in visual representation. Eur J Mark 36(5/6):570–594
Bradatan C (2013) Introduction: philosophy, geography, fragility. In: Bradatan C (ed) Philosophy, society and the cunning of history in Eastern Europe. Routledge, pp 11–17
Breazu P (2022) Ridicule, humour and anti-Roma racism in Romanian television news: a multimodal critical discourse analysis. Int J Roma Stud 4(1):38–65
Brooks E, Clark C, Rostas I (2022) Engaging with decolonisation, tackling antigypsyism: lessons from teaching Romani studies at the Central European University in Hungary. Soc Policy Soc 21(1):68–79
Buchowski M (2006) Social thought & commentary: the specter of orientalism in Europe: from exotic other to stigmatized brother. Anthropol Q 79(3):463–482
Carrington M, Chow AM, Ozanne JL (2019) Post-colonial theory: consumer empowerment through marketplace decolonization. Adv Consum Res 47:315–319
Cavanagh C (2004) Postcolonial Poland. Common Knowl 10(1):82–92
Cercel C (2015) Philo-germanism without germans in Romania after 1989. East Eur Polit Soc 29(04):811–830
Ciaian P, Kancs DA (2018) Social mobility barriers for Roma: discrimination and informal institutions. Eur Rev 26(4):670–685
Colăcel O (2015) Postcolonial readings of Romanian identity narratives. Peter Lang Verlag
Council of Europe (2012) Estimates and official numbers of Roma in Europe. https://rm.coe.int/1680088ea9
Council of Europe (2013) Roma history and Holocaust. https://www.coe.int/en/web/roma-and-travellers/roma-history-/-holocaust#%7B%2291533162%22:%5B%5D%7D
Council of Europe (2016) Roma history. Wallachia and Moldavia. https://rm.coe.int/wallachia-and-moldavia-factsheets-on-romani-history/16808b19be#:~:text=Unlike%20in%20any%20other%20European,as%20well%20as%20to%20America
Creţan R, Covaci RN, Jucu IS (2021) Articulating ‘otherness’ within multiethnic rural neighbourhoods: encounters between Roma and non-Roma in an East-Central European borderland. Identities 1–19
Crockett D (2022) Racial oppression and racial projects in consumer markets: a racial formation theory approach. J Consum Res 49(1):1–24
Davis JF (2018) Selling whiteness?—a critical review of the literature on marketing and racism. J Mark Manag 34(1–2):134–177
Dissanayake W (1994) Introduction: nationhood, history, and cinema: reflections on the Asian scene. In: Dissanayake W (ed) Colonialism and nationalism in Asian cinema. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp ix–xxix
Duminica G (2006) Roma access to social services. 2005 facts and trends. AMM design
Eisend M, Muldrow AF, Rosengren S (2022) Diversity and inclusion in advertising research. Int J Advert 42(1):52–59
European Commission (2020) Roma equality, inclusion and participation in the EU. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-eu/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu_en
FRA (2022) 80% of Roma live in poverty. http://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2022/80-roma-live-poverty
Fox JE, Vermeersch P (2010) Backdoor nationalism. Eur J Sociol/Arch Eur Sociol 51(2):325–357
Galalae C, Kipnis E, Cui CC, Johnson E, Licsandru TC, Vorster L, Demangeot C, Kearney S, Mari C, Ruiz VM, Pullig C (2023) A multi-contextual lens on racism and discrimination in the multicultural marketplace. J Assoc Consum Res Spec Iss Race Discrim Marketpl 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1086/722704
Goodman S, Rowe L (2014) ‘Maybe it is prejudice… but it is NOT racism’: negotiating racism in discussion forums about Gypsies. Discourse Soc 25(1):32–46
Gresham D, Morar B, Underhill PA, Passarino G, Lin AA, Wise C, Kalaydjieva L (2001) Origins and divergence of the Roma (gypsies). Am J Human Genet 69(6):1314–1331
Grzechnik M (2019) The missing second world: on Poland and postcolonial studies. Interventions 21(7):998–1014
Hall S (1997) The spectacle of the “other.” In: Hall S (ed) Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. SAGE, pp 223–290
Hancock I (1997) Genocide of the Roma in the Holocaust. Encycl Genocide 2:501–508
Haney L (1999) “But we are still mothers”: gender, the state, and the construction of need in postsocialist Hungary. In: Burawoy M, Verdery K (eds) Uncertain transition: ethnography of change in the Postsocialist world. Rowman and Littlefield, pp 151–187
Hutchinson J (2015) The dynamics of cultural nationalism. Allen and Unwin
Hutton M, Cappellini B (2022) Epistemic in/justice: towards ‘other’ ways of knowing. Mark Theory 22(2):155–174
Iancu (2019) Contribuția artelor vizuale la definirea rasismului românesc în perioada formării statului-națiune. In: Dorobanțu O, Gheorghe C (eds) Problema Românească–O analiză a rasismului românesc [The Romanian problem—an analysis of Romanian racism]. Hecate
Imre A (2005) Whiteness in post-socialist Eastern Europe: the time of the Gypsies, the end of race. In: Alfred L (ed) Postcolonial whiteness: a critical reader on race and empire. State University of New York Press, pp 79–102
Jafari A (2022) The role of institutions in non-Western contexts in reinforcing West-centric knowledge hierarchies: towards more self-reflexivity in marketing and consumer research. Mark Theory 22(2):211–227
Kende A, Hadarics M, Lášticová B (2017) Anti-Roma attitudes as expressions of dominant social norms in Eastern Europe. Int J Intercult Relat 60:12–27
Kennedy D (2000) Marketing goods, marketing images: the impact of advertising on race. Arizona State Law J 32:615
Kim M, Chung AY (2005) Consuming orientalism: images of Asian/American women in multicultural advertising. Qual Sociol 28:67–91
Kiossev A (1995) Post-theory, games, and discursive resistance: the Bulgarian case. SUNY Press
Kiossev A (2011) The self-colonizing metaphor. Atlas of transformation. http://monumenttotransformation.org/atlas-of-transformation/html/s/self-colonization/the-self-colonizing-metaphor-alexander-kiossev.html
Korek J (2007) Central and Eastern Europe from a postcolonial perspective. In: Korek J (ed) From Sovietoloty to postcoloniality: Poland and Ukraine from a postcolonial perspective. Huddinge, Södertörns högskola, pp 5–22
Kravets O, Varman R (2022) Introduction to special issue: hierarchies of knowledge in marketing theory. Mark Theory 22(2):127–133
Lee K (2000) Orientalism and gypsylorism. Soc Anal: Int J Soc Cult Pract 44(2):129–156
Leudar I, Nekvapil J (2000) Presentations of Romanies in the Czech media: on category work in television debates. Discourse Soc 11(4):487–513
Lipphardt V, Surdu M, Ellebrecht N, Pfaffelhuber P, Wienroth M, Rappold GA (2021) Europe’s Roma people are vulnerable to poor practice in genetics. Nature 599(7885):368–371
Marushiakova-Popova E, Popov V (2015) European policies for social inclusion of Roma: Catch 22? Soc Incl 3(5):19–31
Matei BA (2022) Gelu Duminică & Raul Gheba: Am vrut să surprindem acele mici indicii de rasism „cotidian”, priviri, lucruri pasiv agresive. Negarea identității e o moarte lentă, printr-o mie de tăieturi mici. https://www.iqads.ro/articol/61588/gelu-duminica-raul-gheba-am-vrut-sa-surprindem-acele-mici-indicii-de-rasism
Matras Y (2004) The role of language in mystifying and demystifying Gypsy identity. In: Saul N, Tebbutt S (eds) The role of the Romanies: images and counter-images of ‘Gypsies’/Romanies in European cultures. Liverpool University Press, pp 53–78
Mazierska E (2022) From self-colonisation to conquest in Eastern European postcommunist musicals. Stud Eur Cinema 1–18
McGarry A (2017) Romaphobia: the last acceptable form of racism. Bloomsbury Publishing
Mitchell TA (2020) Critical Race Theory (CRT) and colourism: a manifestation of whitewashing in marketing communications? J Mark Manag 36(13–14):1366–1389
Moore DC (2001) Is the post-in postcolonial the post-in post-Soviet? Toward a global postcolonial critique. PMLA 116(1):111–128
Nowak AW (2016) Tajemnicze zniknięcie Drugiego Świata. O trudnym losie półperyferii. In: Zarycki T (ed) Polska jako peryferie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, pp 86–104
Olivetti F (2016) The paradox of exclusion and multiculturalism in postcolonial identity. Consum Mark Cult 19(5):475–496
Owczarzak J (2010) Introduction: postcolonial studies and postsocialism in Eastern Europe. Focaal 2009(53):3–19
Page ME, Sonnenburg PM (2003) Colonialism: an international, social, cultural, and political encyclopedia, vol 1. ABC-CLIO
Petre M (2016) [Întru diversitate] Semida Durigă, Heraldist & Wondermarks: Obișnuința de a regăsi în toate ad-urile majoritatea tipică ne-a condus ca popor în a fi și mai intoleranți. https://www.iqads.ro/articol/37202/intru-diversitate-semida-duriga-heraldist-wondermarks-obisnuinta-de-a-regasi-in
Petre M (2016) [Întru diversitate] Mihaela Neatu, Rusu+Bortun: Advertisingul ar trebui să se uite la contextul în care apare și să-l provoace, nu să-l mângâie pe cap în timp ce doarme. https://www.iqads.ro/articol/37176/intru-diversitate-mihaela-neatu-rusu-bortun-advertisingul-ar-trebui-sa-se-uite
Petre M (2016) [Întru diversitate] Ema Prisca: Dacă liderul e conștient că se află într-un business de idei transformatoare, nu de rebate-uri, atunci nu are cum să nu știe importanța diversității. https://www.iqads.ro/articol/37146/intru-diversitate-ema-prisca-daca-liderul-e-constient-ca-se-afla-intr-un
Philogène G (2007) Social representations of alterity in the United States. In: Moloney G, Walker I (eds) Social representations and identity: content, process, and power. Palgrave MacMillan, pp 31–42
Powell R, Lever J (2017) Europe’s perennial ‘outsiders’: a processual approach to Roma stigmatization and ghettoization. Curr Sociol 65(5):680–699
Rosa-Salas M, Sobande F (2022) Hierarchies of knowledge about intersectionality in marketing theory and practice. Mark Theory 22(2):175–189
Rose G (2016) Visual methodologies an introduction to researching with visual materials. SAGE Publications Ltd
Rucker-Chang S (2019) Roma filmic representation as postcolonial “Object.” In: Bjelik DI (ed) Balkan transnationalism at the time of neoliberal catastrophe. Routledge, pp 103–117
Ruegg F (2013) Gypsy palaces: a new visibility for the Roma in Romania. Urbanities 3(1):3–20
Said E (2003) Orientalism. Penguin Books
Saren M, Parsons E, Goulding C (2019) Dimensions of marketplace exclusion: representations, resistances and responses. Consum Mark Cult 22(5–6):475–485
Schneeweis A, Foss KA (2017) “Gypsies, tramps & thieves”: examining representations of Roma culture in 70 years of American television. J Mass Commun Q 94(4):1146–1171
Schroeder JE, Borgerson JL (2005) An ethics of representation for international marketing communication. Int Mark Rev 22(5):578–600
Statista (2021) Frequency of watching TV in Romanian households 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1135061/romania-frequency-of-watching/
Statista (2022) Daily television usage penetration in European countries 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/422702/europe-daily-tv-usage/
Stefanescu B (2012) Reluctant siblings: methodological musings on the complicated relationship between postcolonialism and postcommunism. Word Text J Lit Stud Linguist 2(01):13–26
Stefanescu B (2012) Postcommunism/postcolonialism: siblings of subalternity. Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti
Steinfield L, Scott L (2013) Social stratification and the materialism label: the retention of racial inequities between black and white consumers in South Africa. ACR North American Advances
Stewart M (2013) Roma and Gypsy “ethnicity” as a subject of anthropological inquiry. Annu Rev Anthropol 42:415–432
The Gypsy Lore Society (n.d.) The Gypsy Lore society. https://www.gypsyloresociety.org/
Ţichindeleanu O (2006) The modernity of postcommunism. IDEA Arts + Soc 24:174–187
Tileaga C (2005) Accounting for extreme prejudice and legitimating blame in talk about the Romanies. Discourse Soc 16(5):603–624
Tileagă C (2006) Representing the ‘other’: a discursive analysis of prejudice and moral exclusion in talk about Romanies. J Commun Appl Soc Psychol 16(1):19–41
Touzani M, Hirschman EC, Smaoui F (2016) Marketing communications, acculturation in situ, and the legacy of colonialism in revolutionary times. J Macromark 36(2):215–228
Trehan N, Kocze A (2009) Racism, (neo-)colonialism and social justice: the struggle for the soul of the Romani movement in post-socialist Europe. In: Huggan H, Law I (eds) Racism postcolonialism Europe. Liverpool University Press, pp 50–73
Trumpener K (1992) The time of the Gypsies: a “people without history” in the narratives of the West. Crit Inq 18(4):843–884
Turda M, Furtuna AN (2021) The Roma and the question of ethnic origin in Romania during the Holocaust. Critic Romani Stud 4(2):8–32
U.S. Holocaust Museum (n.d.) Documentation on the persecution of the Roma. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/documentation-on-the-persecution-of-roma
Ulver S (2021) Tickling tensions: gazing into the parallax gap of the multicultural imaginary. Mark Theory 21(3):391–413
Vaccari M, Perteghella A (2016) Resource recovery from waste by Roma in the Balkans: a case study from Zavidovici (BiH). Waste Manage Res 34(9):866–874
Veresiu E (2023) Delegitimizing racialized brands. J Assoc Consum Res 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1086/722694
Weaver S (2011) Liquid racism and the ambiguity of Ali G. Eur J Cult Stud 14(3):249–264
Woodcock S (2007) Romania and Europe: Roma, Rroma and Ţigani as sites for the contestation of ethno-national identities. Patterns of Prejudice 41(5):493–515
Young RCJ (2001) Postcolonialism, an historical introduction. Blackwell Publishing
Zarycki T (2014) Ideologies of eastness in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge
Žižek S (2009) The sublime object of ideology, 2nd edn. Verso Books
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Galalae, C., Licsandru, T. (2024). A Post-socialist Reading of Displaced Images from the Global South: The Case of Roma, Eastern Europe’s Oriental Other. In: Das, A., Chaudhuri, H.R., Turkdogan, O.S. (eds) Postcolonial Marketing Communication. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0285-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0285-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-97-0284-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-97-0285-5
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)