Skip to main content

Quantum Resilience and Distributed Trust: The Promise of Blockchain and Quantum Computing in Defense

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sustainable Security Practices Using Blockchain, Quantum and Post-Quantum Technologies for Real Time Applications

Abstract

The combination of blockchain technology with quantum computing has opened up new doors for improving the safety and effectiveness of a diverse variety of business sectors. The most recent readily available technologies, such as blockchain and quantum computing, play a crucial role in improving both safety and efficiency, which in turn makes a wide range of previously unavailable possibilities available in a variety of industries. This chapter goes into one of the most fascinating industries, namely the defense industry and the armed forces. Both of these industries have only somewhat lately begun to make use of modern technology in order to address complex problems and enhance operational efficiency. These cutting-edge technologies find applications in a variety of fields, most notably the military and defense sectors, to improve safety standards in their respective industries. The technologies that are discussed in this chapter are now seeing widespread implementation across a variety of sectors, including the military, the defense industry, and even the food business. This article examines their uses in the context of using blockchain technology to guarantee safe communication and the storage of data. In addition to this, it highlights the benefits of applying the principles of quantum computing to matters pertaining to military and defense-related tasks. This chapter highlights a number of real-world situations that stand to profit from the combination of blockchain technology for secure data storage and transmission inside military networks and quantum computing for research and development activities. These scenarios are discussed in further detail throughout the chapter. These hypothetical situations are analyzed in great detail and presented. This chapter also provides some insight into where blockchain technology and quantum computing are headed in the future, taking into consideration their present level of use and the continuous resolution of technical obstacles. This article is full with useful information for researchers and professionals who are interested in improving the safety of military and defense operations by using blockchain technology and quantum computing. By integrating these technologies, the goal is to make a contribution to the development of sustainable security practices for real-time applications. This chapter comes to a close with a discussion of some of the most pressing issues facing society today, including questions about breaches of personal privacy and the possibility that these technologies may be used for military purposes. It does so by carrying out an ethical study of the consequences surrounding the usage of technologies in defense and military applications such as blockchain and quantum computing. The results of this analysis shed light on their influence on concerns relating to privacy and security. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to provide a detailed analysis of the ways in which blockchain technology and quantum computing might work together to improve safety and productivity across a variety of industries, with a specific emphasis on defense and military applications. It covers ethical issues and provides a forward-looking viewpoint, making it an invaluable resource for academics and professionals who want to develop security practices in various fields.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abd El-Latif AA, Abd-El-Atty B, Mehmood I, Muhammad K, Venegas-Andraca SE, Peng J (2021) Quantum-inspired blockchain-based cybersecurity: securing smart edge utilities in IoT-based smart cities. Inf Process Manage 58(4):102549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acampora G (2020) Quantum computing meets Artificial Intelligence. In: AISEM annual conference on sensors and microsystems, pp 151–155. Springer International Publishing, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Acín A, Bloch I, Buhrman H, Calarco T, Eichler C, Eisert J, Esteve D, Gisin N, Glaser SJ, Jelezko F, Kuhr S, Wilhelm FK (2018) The quantum technologies roadmap: a European community view. New J Phys 20(8):080201

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahammed TB, Patgiri R, Nayak S (2023) A vision on the artificial intelligence for 6G communication. ICT Express 9(2):197–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad RW, Hasan H, Yaqoob I, Salah K, Jayaraman R, Omar M (2021) Blockchain for aerospace and defense: opportunities and open research challenges. Comput Ind Eng 151:106982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akhai S (2023a) From black boxes to transparent machines: the quest for explainable AI. SSRN 4390887

    Google Scholar 

  • Akhai S (2023b) Healthcare record management for healthcare 4.0 via blockchain: a review of current applications, opportunities, challenges, and future potential. In: Blockchain for healthcare 4.0, pp 211–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzaoui AE, Kim TW, Pan Y, Park JH (2021) A quantum approximate optimization algorithm based on blockchain heuristic approach for scalable and secure smart logistics systems. Hum-Centric Comput Inf Sci 11(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Das D, Biswas M, Biswas U (2020) Study and survey on blockchain privacy and security issues. In: Cross-industry use of blockchain technology and opportunities for the future, pp 80–102. IGI Global

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia A, Bibhu V, Lohani BP, Kushwaha PK (2020) An application framework for quantum computing using Artificial intelligence techniques. In: 2020 Research, innovation, knowledge management and technology application for business sustainability (INBUSH), pp 264–269. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas R, Jiang Z, Kechezhi K, Knysh S, Mandra S, O’Gorman B, Perdomo-Ortiz A, Petukhov A, Realpe-Gómez J, Rieffel E, Venturelli D, Wang Z (2017) A NASA perspective on quantum computing: opportunities and challenges. Parallel Comput 64:81–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Blahut RE (2014) Cryptography and secure communication. Cambridge University Press

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bontekoe TH, Neumann NM, Phillipson F, Wezeman S (2022) Quantum computing for radar and sonar information processing, vol 12093. In: Quantum information science, sensing, and computation XIV, pp 90–101. SPIE

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandmeier RA, Heye JA, Woywod C (2022) Future development of quantum computing and its relevance to NATO. Connect: Q J 20:89–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadbent A, Schaffner C (2016) Quantum cryptography beyond quantum key distribution. Des Codes Crypt 78:351–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broughton M, Verdon G, McCourt T, Martinez AJ, Yoo JH, Isakov SV, Massey P, Halavati R, Niu MY, Zlokapa A, Peters E, Mohseni M (2020) Tensorflow quantum: a software framework for quantum machine learning. arXiv:2003.02989

  • Buchmann N, Rathgeb C, Baier H, Busch C, Margraf M (2017) Enhancing breeder document long-term security using blockchain technology. In: 2017 IEEE 41st annual computer software and applications conference (COMPSAC), vol 2, pp 744–748. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamola V, Kotesh P, Agarwal A, Gupta N, Guizani M (2021) A comprehensive review of unmanned aerial vehicle attacks and neutralization techniques. Ad Hoc Netw 111:102324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G (2022) Discussion on blockchain system attack and defense technology. Acad J Comput & Inf Sci 5(2):87–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Chen31 J (2021) Global military machine learning technology development tracking and evaluation. In: ECCWS 2021 20th European conference on cyber warfare and security, p 61. Academic Conferences Inter Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheung KF, Bell MG, Bhattacharjya J (2021) Cybersecurity in logistics and supply chain management: an overview and future research directions. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 146:102217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chugh N, Sharma DK, Singhal R, Jain S, Srikanth P, Kumar A, Aggarwal A (2020) Blockchain-based decentralized application (DApp) design, implementation, and analysis with healthcare 4.0 trends, vol 126. In: Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, pp 139–140. Wiley, 111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, NJ, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Córcoles AD, Kandala A, Javadi-Abhari A, McClure DT, Cross AW, Temme K, Nation PD, Steffen M, Gambetta JM (2019) Challenges and opportunities of near-term quantum computing systems. arXiv:1910.02894

  • Cui W, Dou T, Yan S (2020) Threats and opportunities: blockchain meets quantum computation. In: 2020 39th Chinese control conference (CCC), pp 5822–5824. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Auria V, Teller M (2023) What are the priorities and the points to be addressed by a legal framework for quantum technologies? Res Dir Quantum Technol 1:e9

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadhich M, Tiwari H (2022) Quantum blockchain for smart society: applications, challenges, and opportunities. Adv Quantum Blockchain R-Time Appl 178–198

    Google Scholar 

  • De Leon NP, Itoh KM, Kim D, Mehta KK, Northup TE, Paik H, Palmer BS, Samarth N, Sangtawesin S, Steuerman DW (2021) Materials challenges and opportunities for quantum computing hardware. Science 372(6539):eabb2823

    Google Scholar 

  • Denison MK, Montgomery CJ, Sarofim AF, Bockelie MJ, Webster AG (2005) Computational modeling of a chemical demilitarization deactivation furnace system. Environ Eng Sci 22(2):232–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derose K (2023) Establishing the legal framework to regulate quantum computing technology. Cathol Univ J Law Technol 31(2):145–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Drager SL, Walsh LD (2005) Quantum computing at the air force research laboratory information directorate, vol 5815. In: Quantum information and computation III, pp 1–12. SPIE

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi A, Saini GK, Musa UI (2023) Cybersecurity and prevention in the quantum era. In: 2023 2nd International conference for innovation in technology (INOCON), pp 1–6. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards D, Rawat DB (2020) Quantum adversarial machine learning: Status, challenges and perspectives. In: 2020 Second IEEE international conference on trust, privacy and security in intelligent systems and applications (TPS-ISA), pp 128–133. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellison B, Evans D, Lytwyn M, Schwalbe J (2023) Without precedent: global emerging trends in nuclear and hypersonic weapons. J Policy & Strat 3(1):21–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferenc K (2020) Security of encryption procedures and practical implications of building a quantum computer. AARMS–Academic Appl Res Mil Public Manag Sci 19(3):5–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Carames TM, Fraga-Lamas P (2020) Towards post-quantum blockchain: a review on blockchain cryptography resistant to quantum computing attacks. IEEE Access 8:21091–21116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García DP, Cruz-Benito J, García-Peñalvo FJ (2022) Systematic literature review: quantum machine learning and its applications. arXiv:2201.04093

  • Gill SS, Kumar A, Singh H, Singh M, Kaur K, Usman M, Buyya R (2020) Quantum computing: a taxonomy systematic review and future directions. ACM Comput Surv

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill SS, Kumar A, Singh H, Singh M, Kaur K, Usman M, Buyya R (2022) Quantum computing: a taxonomy, systematic review and future directions. Softw Pract Exp 52(1):66–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Girasa R, Scalabrini GJ (2022) Regulation of innovative technologies: blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and quantum computing. Springer Nature

    Google Scholar 

  • Girasa R, Scalabrini GJ (2022b) States’ regulation of Artificial Intelligence. Regulation of innovative technologies: blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and quantum computing. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 115–143

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Guoming L, Sheng L, Guowei Y (2017) The application of quantum cryptography in military GIS security. J Simul 5(5):61

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RC (ed) (2015) Handbook of toxicology of chemical warfare agents. Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta R, Sultania K, Singh P, Gupta A (2013) Security for wireless sensor networks in military operations. In: 2013 Fourth international conference on computing, communications and networking technologies (ICCCNT), pp 1–6. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadi HJ, Cao Y, Nisa KU, Jamil AM, Ni Q (2023) A comprehensive survey on security, privacy issues and emerging defence technologies for UAVs. J Netw Comput Appl 213:103607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan MK, Alkhalifah A, Islam S, Babiker NB, Habib AA, Aman AHM, Hossain MA (2022) Blockchain technology on smart grid, energy trading, and big data: security issues, challenges, and recommendations. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2022:1–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huizing A, Heiligers M, Dekker B, de Wit J, Cifola L, Harmanny R (2019) Deep learning for classification of mini-UAVs using micro-doppler spectrograms in cognitive radar. IEEE Aerosp Electron Syst Mag 34(11):46–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inglesant P, Jirotka M, Hartswood M (2018) Responsible innovation in quantum technologies applied to defence and national security. NQIT (Networked Quantum Information Technologies)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain S, Ahuja NJ, Srikanth P, Bhadane KV, Nagaiah B, Kumar A, Konstantinou C (2021) Blockchain and autonomous vehicles: recent advances and future directions. IEEE Access 9:130264–130328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javadi-Abhari A (2017) Towards a scalable software stack for resource estimation and optimization in general-purpose quantum computers. Doctoral dissertation, Princeton University

    Google Scholar 

  • Jhanwar A, Nene MJ (2021) Enhanced machine learning using quantum computing. In: 2021 Second international conference on electronics and sustainable communication systems (ICESC), pp 1407–1413. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson WG (2019) Governance tools for the second quantum revolution. Jurimetrics 59(4):487–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Justinia T (2019) Blockchain technologies: opportunities for solving real-world problems in healthcare and biomedical sciences. Acta Informatica Medica 27(4):284

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaushik K, Kumar A (2023) Demystifying quantum blockchain for healthcare. Secur Priv 6(3):e284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalid ZM, Askar S (2021) Resistant Blockchain cryptography to quantum computing attacks. Int J Sci Bus 5(3):116–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiktenko EO, Pozhar NO, Anufriev MN, Trushechkin AS, Yunusov RR, Kurochkin YV, Lvovsky AI, Fedorov AK (2018) Quantum-secured blockchain. Quantum Sci Technol 3(3):035004

    Google Scholar 

  • Ko Y, Kim J, Duguma DG, Astillo PV, You I, Pau G (2021) Drone secure communication protocol for future sensitive applications in military zone. Sensors 21(6):2057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koh L, Dolgui A, Sarkis J (2020) Blockchain in transport and logistics–paradigms and transitions. Int J Prod Res 58(7):2054–2062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kop M (2021) Establishing a legal-ethical framework for quantum technology. Yale Law School, Yale Journal of Law & Technology (YJoLT), The Record

    Google Scholar 

  • Krelina M (2021) Quantum technology for military applications. EPJ Quantum Technol 8(1):24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni AU, Jain S, Kumar A (2022) Quantum computing and quantum blockchain: recent advancements, analysis and future directions. Quantum and blockchain for modern computing systems: vision and advancements: quantum and blockchain technologies: current trends and challenges. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 311–339

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kulshrestha RDS, Navy I N D I A N (2018) Military applications of blockchain technology. Age Blockchain: Collect Artic 21

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Dadheech P, Singh V, Poonia RC, Raja L (2019) An improved quantum key distribution protocol for verification. J Discret Math Sci Cryptogr 22(4):491–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Ottaviani C, Gill SS, Buyya R (2022c) Securing the future internet of things with post-quantum cryptography. Secur Priv 5(2):e200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, de Jesus Pacheco DA, Kaushik K, Rodrigues JJ (2022) Futuristic view of the internet of quantum drones: review, challenges and research agenda, p 100487. Vehicular Communications

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Gill SS, Abraham A (2022) Quantum and blockchain for modern computing systems: vision and advancements. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Krishnamurthi R, Sharma G, Jain S, Srikanth P, Sharma K, Aneja N (2023) Revolutionizing modern networks: advances in AI, machine learning, and blockchain for quantum satellites and UAV-based communication. arXiv:2303.11753

  • Lanzagorta M, Uhlmann JK (2004) Quantum computational geometry, vol 5436. In: Quantum information and computation II, pp 332–339. SPIE

    Google Scholar 

  • Le TV, Hsu CL (2021) A systematic literature review of blockchain technology: security properties, applications and challenges. J Internet Technol 22(4):789–802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lele A (2021) Quantum technologies and military strategy. Springer International Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  • Li W, He M, Haiquan S (2021) An overview of blockchain technology: applications, challenges and future trends. In: 2021 IEEE 11th international conference on electronics information and emergency communication (ICEIEC), pp 31–39. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly B, Lilly S (2021) Weaponising blockchain: military applications of blockchain technology in the US, China and Russia. RUSI J 166(3):46–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay J (2018) Why quantum computing will not destabilize international security: the political logic of cryptology. SSRN 3205507

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay JR (2020) Demystifying the quantum threat: infrastructure, institutions, and intelligence advantage. Secur Stud 29(2):335–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas RF, Wagenbreth G, Tran JJ, Pratt DR, Davis DM (2013) Practical adiabatic quantum computing: implications for the simulation community. In: The proceedings of the interservice/industry simulation, training and education conference, Orlando, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  • Mailloux LO, Lewis CD II, Riggs C, Grimaila MR (2016) Post-quantum cryptography: what advancements in quantum computing mean for it professionals. IT Prof 18(5):42–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majot A, Yampolskiy R (2015) Global catastrophic risk and security implications of quantum computers. Futures 72:17–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markidis S (2023) Programming quantum neural networks on NISQ systems: an overview of technologies and methodologies. Entropy 25(4):694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mashatan A, Turetken O (2020) Preparing for the information security threat from quantum computers. MIS Q Exec 19(2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslov D, Nam Y, Kim J (2018) An outlook for quantum computing [point of view]. Proc IEEE 107(1):5–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur GCA, Srivastava MSK, Prabu MI (2022) Leveraging technological advances in C4ISR to enhance situational awareness and decision making. Synergy 59

    Google Scholar 

  • Mavroeidis V, Vishi K, Zych MD, Jøsang A (2018) The impact of quantum computing on present cryptography. arXiv:1804.00200

  • Melagraki G (2022) Reducing health & environmental impacts of chemical warfare agents: computational chemistry contributions. Chemosphere 288:132564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mian S (2022) Foundations of artificial intelligence and applications. J Artif Intell Technol 2(1):1–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michal K (2021) Quantum technology for military applications. EPJ Quantum Technol 8(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan J (2015) A web of drones: a 2040 strategy to reduce the United States dependance on space based capabilities. Doctoral dissertation, AIR University

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori S (2018) US defense innovation and artificial intelligence. Asia-Pac Rev 25(2):16–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosteanu NR, Faccia A (2021) Fintech frontiers in quantum computing, fractals, and blockchain distributed ledger: paradigm shifts and open innovation. J Open Innov Technol, Mark, Complex 7(1):19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamitsu I (2019) The role of emerging technologies in military conflicts. Inter Press Service

    Google Scholar 

  • Nawaz SJ, Sharma SK, Wyne S, Patwary MN, Asaduzzaman M (2019) Quantum machine learning for 6G communication networks: state-of-the-art and vision for the future. IEEE Access 7:46317–46350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann NM, van Heesch MP, de Graaf P (2020) Quantum communication for military applications. arXiv:2011.04989

  • Neumann NM, van Heesch MP, Phillipson F, Smallegange AA (2021) Quantum computing for military applications. In: 2021 International conference on military communication and information systems (ICMCIS), pp 1–8. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Padamvathi V, Vardhan BV, Krishna AVN (2016) Quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution protocols: a survey. In: 2016 IEEE 6th international conference on advanced computing (IACC), pp 556–562. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Panwar LGDR (2015) Disruptive military technologies: an overview. Studies 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Partida A, Criado R, Romance M (2021) Identity and access management resilience against intentional risk for blockchain-based IOT platforms. Electronics 10(4):378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peña M, Llivisaca J, Siguenza-Guzman L (2020) Blockchain and its potential applications in food supply chain management in Ecuador. In: Advances in emerging trends and technologies: volume 1, pp 101–112. Springer International Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirandola S, Andersen UL, Banchi L, Berta M, Bunandar D, Colbeck R, Englund D, Gehring T, Lupo C, Ottaviani C, Pereira JL, Wallden P (2020) Advances in quantum cryptography. Adv Opt Photonics 12(4):1012–1236

    Google Scholar 

  • Prewett KW, Prescott GL, Phillips K (2020) Blockchain adoption is inevitable—barriers and risks remain. J Corp Account & Finance 31(2):21–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quach S, Thaichon P, Martin KD, Weaven S, Palmatier RW (2022) Digital technologies: tensions in privacy and data. J Acad Mark Sci 50(6):1299–1323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raska M (2022) The AI wave in military affairs: enablers and constraints. Technological innovation and security: the impact on the strategic environment in East Asia, p 89

    Google Scholar 

  • Reding DF, Eaton J (2020) Science and technology trends 2020–2040: exploring the S and T edge. NATO S and T Organization

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosch-Grace D, Straub J (2021) Analysis of the necessity of quantum computing capacity development for national defense and homeland security. In: 2021 IEEE international symposium on technologies for homeland security (HST), pp 1–8. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosch-Grace D, Straub J (2022) Analysis of the likelihood of quantum computing proliferation. Technol Soc 68:101880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotta D, Sebastiano F, Charbon E, Prati E (2017) Quantum information density scaling and qubit operation time constraints of CMOS silicon-based quantum computer architectures. NPJ Quantum Inf 3(1):26

    Google Scholar 

  • Saffman M (2016) Quantum computing with atomic qubits and Rydberg interactions: progress and challenges. J Phys B At, Mol Opt Phys 49(20):202001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sajwan P, Jayapandian N (2019) Challenges and opportunities: quantum computing in machine learning. In: 2019 Third international conference on I-SMAC (IoT in social, mobile, analytics and cloud) (I-SMAC), pp 598–602. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Salau BA, Rawal A, Rawat DB (2022) Recent advances in artificial intelligence for wireless internet of things and cyber–physical systems: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet Things J 9(15):12916–12930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarmah SS (2018) Understanding blockchain technology. Comput Sci Eng 8(2):23–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma A, Vanjani P, Paliwal N, Basnayaka CMW, Jayakody DNK, Wang HC, Muthuchidambaranathan P (2020) Communication and networking technologies for UAVs: a survey. J Netw Comput Appl 168:102739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheth H, Dattani J (2019) Overview of blockchain technology. Asian J Converg Technol (AJCT). ISSN-2350-1146

    Google Scholar 

  • Simić D, Marjanović M, Vitorović-Todorović M, Bauk S, Lazić D, Samolov A, Ristović N (2018) Nanotechnology for military applications: a survey of recent research in military technical institute. Sci Tech Rev 68(1):59–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh H, Kaur K (2023) Role of nanotechnology in research fields: medical sciences, military & tribology-A review on recent advancements, grand challenges and perspectives. Mater Today Proc

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Dhara C, Kumar A, Gill SS, Uhlig S (2022) 13 Quantum Artificial Intelligence for the science of Artificial Intelligence, machine learning and blockchain in quantum satellite, drone and network, p 199

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Dhara C, Kumar A, Gill SS, Uhlig S (2022) Quantum artificial intelligence for the science of climate change. In: Artificial Intelligence, machine learning and blockchain in quantum satellite, drone and network, pp 199–207. CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Song X, Wu Y, Ma Y, Cui Y, Gong G (2015) Military simulation big data: background, state of the art, and challenges. Math Probl Eng 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Srikanth P, Kumar A (2022) Secure quantum computing for healthcare sector: a short analysis. arXiv:2211.10027

  • Srivastava T, Bhushan B, Bhatt S, Haque AB (2022) Integration of quantum computing and blockchain technology: a cryptographic perspective. In: Multimedia technologies in the internet of things environment, vol 3, pp 197–228. Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian T, Dhyani A, Kumar A, Gill SS (eds) (2022) Artificial Intelligence, machine learning and blockchain in quantum satellite, drone and network. CRC Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Sultan A, Mushtaq MA, Abubakar M (2019) IOT security issues via blockchain: a review paper. In: Proceedings of the 2019 international conference on blockchain technology, pp 60–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun L, Zhang H, Fang C (2021) Data security governance in the era of big data: status, challenges, and prospects. Data Sci Manag 2:41–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweet KM (2021) Space-based offensive weapons: have policymakers discussed this enough? Online J Space Commun 3(6):5

    Google Scholar 

  • Symons BC, Galvin D, Sahin E, Alexandrov V, Mensa S (2023) A practitioner’s guide to quantum algorithms for optimisation problems. arXiv:2305.07323

  • Szabadföldi I (2021) Artificial Intelligence in military application-opportunities and challenges. Land Forces Acad Rev 26(2):157–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tedeschi P, Sciancalepore S, Di Pietro R (2022) Satellite-based communications security: a survey of threats, solutions, and research challenges. Comput Netw 109246

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesvara C (2021) Modeling the reactivity of chemical warfare agents on metal oxides using computational chemistry methods. University of California, Los Angeles

    Google Scholar 

  • Uddin W, Khan B, Dewan S, Das S (2022) Silicon-based qubit technology: progress and future prospects. Bull Mater Sci 45(1):46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ukpabi D, Karjaluoto H, Bötticher A, Nikiforova A, Petrescu D, Schindler P, Valtenbergs V, Lehmann L, Yakaryilmaz A (2022) Framework for understanding quantum computing use cases from a multidisciplinary perspective and future research directions. arXiv:2212.13909

  • Unogwu OJ, Doshi R, Hiran KK, Mijwil MM (2022) Introduction to quantum-resistant blockchain. In: Advancements in quantum blockchain with real-time applications, pp 36–55. IGI Global

    Google Scholar 

  • Ur Rasool R, Ahmad HF, Rafique W, Qayyum A, Qadir J, Anwar Z (2023) Quantum computing for healthcare: a review. Future Internet 15(3):94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Deventer O, Spethmann N, Loeffler M, Amoretti M, van den Brink R, Bruno N, Comi P, Farrugia N, Gramegna M, Jenet A, Kassenberg B, Wilhelm-Mauch FK (2022) Towards European standards for quantum technologies. EPJ Quantum Technol 9(1):33

    Google Scholar 

  • Varmantchaonala Moudina C, Fendji Kedieng Ebongue JL, Atemkeng M (2000) Quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems: a comprehensive survey from 2000 to 2022. Jean Louis and Atemkeng, Marcel, quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems: a comprehensive survey from

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Alexander CA (2020) Quantum science and quantum technology: progress and challenges. Am J Electr Electron Eng 8(2):43–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson TF, Philips SG, Kawakami E, Ward DR, Scarlino P, Veldhorst M, Savage DE, Lagally MG, Friesen M, Coppersmith SN, Eriksson MA, Vandersypen LMK (2018. A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon. Nature 555(7698):633–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield JD, Biamonte J, Aspuru-Guzik A (2011) Simulation of electronic structure Hamiltonians using quantum computers. Mol Phys 109(5):735–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu M, Ren X, Niyato D, Kang J, Qiu C, Xiong Z, Wang X, Leung VC (2023) When quantum information technologies meet blockchain in web 3.0. IEEE Network

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaacoub JPA, Noura HN, Salman O, Chehab A (2022) Robotics cyber security: vulnerabilities, attacks, countermeasures, and recommendations. Int J Inf Secur 1–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Younan M, Elhoseny M, Ali AA, Houssein EH (2021) Quantum chain of things (QCoT): a new paradigm for integrating quantum computing, blockchain, and Internet of Things. In: 2021 17th International computer engineering conference (ICENCO), pp 101–106. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaidi T, Sushma BS (2022) An overview of future applications of quantum computing. Artif Intell, Mach Learn Blockchain Quantum Satell, Drone Netw 127–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Xie J, Shi J, Zhang Z, Fu X (2019) Sensor scheduling and resource allocation in distributed MIMO radar for joint target tracking and detection. IEEE Access 7:62387–62400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S, Li Y, Ge W, Shen X (2022) Military application of blockchain technology for future battlefield operations. In: International conference on cloud computing, Internet of Things, and computer applications (CICA 2022), vol 12303, pp 352–362. SPIE

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng X, Jiang D (2015) The quantum cryptography communication and military application. In: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on man–machine–environment system engineering, pp 267–273. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Zhang X, Ju ZY, Wang CC (2020) A study of blockchain technology development and military application prospects. J Phys Conf Ser 1507(5):052018. (IOP Publishing)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu S, Yu T, Xu T, Chen H, Dustdar S, Gigan S, Gunduz D, Hossain E, Jin Y, Lin F, Liu B, Pan Y (2023) Intelligent computing: the latest advances, challenges, and future. Intell Comput 2:0006

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shalom Akhai .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Akhai, S., Kumar, V. (2024). Quantum Resilience and Distributed Trust: The Promise of Blockchain and Quantum Computing in Defense. In: Kumar, A., Ahuja, N.J., Kaushik, K., Tomar, D.S., Khan, S.B. (eds) Sustainable Security Practices Using Blockchain, Quantum and Post-Quantum Technologies for Real Time Applications. Contributions to Environmental Sciences & Innovative Business Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0088-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics