Skip to main content

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ethnic Enclaves in Contemporary Japan

Part of the book series: International Perspectives in Geography ((IPG,volume 14))

  • 231 Accesses

Abstract

This book presents a comprehensive study on the enclaves of foreign residents, as ethnic minorities, in contemporary Japan. After briefly describing the trends of immigration into Japan, we introduce the existing literature on Japan’s ethnic enclaves. Next, the major findings from this body of research are summarized. The most significant finding is that the main locations of these enclaves are inner cities, city centers/sub-centers, areas surrounding factories/universities, and public housing. Then, four key issues in the existing literature are addressed (i.e., weak interest in the spatial aspects of enclaves, insufficient attention given to the cross-nationality viewpoint, ad hoc explanations of spatial clustering and enclave formation just for particular nationalities, and few works applying existing explanatory frameworks), and our approaches to meeting those challenges are presented. The enclaves of the five nationalities under focus (China, Korea, the Philippines, Brazil and Turkey) are discussed in Chaps. 37 of this volume using the same data source and corresponding figures and tables to present fair comparisons. Finally, an outline of the five authors’ contributions is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe R (2009) Gendered labor migration from the Philippines to Japan: mapping “Philippine Pub Space” into the Japanese context. Geogr Rev Jpn Ser B 81(1):68–78. https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.81.68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abe R (2011) Esunishitei no chirigaku: imin esunikku kukan wo tou (Geography of ethnicity: exploring ethnic space of immigrants). Kokon Shoin, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Abe Y (1997) The changing occupation and residential mobility of Chinese in Nagasaki. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 49(4):395–411. http://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.49.395 (in Japanese)

  • Aramata M (2013) The Muslim town in France: difficulties and possibilities. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 65(6):545–554. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.65.6_545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avila-Tapies R (1995) Comparative analysis of migration patterns between the Koreans living in Japan and the Japanese: the case of Ikuno Ward in Osaka. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 47(2):174–188. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.47.174 (in Japanese)

  • Chiba T (2001) From migrant town to “Brazil town”: transformation of Ota and Oizumi areas, Gunma Prefecture, where Nikkei works. In: Koganezawa T, Sasagawa K, Aono T, Wada A (eds) Chiiki kenkyu, chiiki gakushu no shiten (Viewpoints of regional studies and regional learning). Taimeido, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiba T (2005) Ethnicity. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 57(3):325–331. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.57.274 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French K (2010) Ethnic segregation. In: Warf B (ed) Encyclopedia of geography. Sage, Thousand Oaks

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2002) Life space of “Newcomer” foreign residents in Osaka Prefecture. Chiri Kagaku (Geogr Sci) 57(4):255–276. https://doi.org/10.20630/chirikagaku.57.4_255 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2004) Changes in Korean population concentrations in Osaka City from the 1920s to the early 1950s. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 56(2):154–169. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.56.154 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2010) Changes in spatial segregation of foreigners in Tokyo and Osaka: differences between “old timers” and “newcomers”. Chirigaku Hyoron (Geogr Rev Jpn) 83(3):288–313. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.83.288 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2013) The persistence of the residential concentration of Koreans in Osaka from 1950 to 1980: its relation to land transfers and home-work relationships. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 65(6):475–493. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.65.6_475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2016) The changes in nationality and ethnicity in contemporary Japan. Chiri Kukan (Geogr Spaces) 9(3):267–283. https://doi.org/10.24586/jags.9.3_267 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2018a) The relationship between the spatial distribution of ethnic entrepreneurs and ethnic residential clusters: in case of Koreans in Osaka after the 1980s. Keizai Chirigaku Nenpo (Ann Assoc Econ Geogr) 64(3):194–216. https://doi.org/10.20592/jaeg.64.3_194 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2018b) A brief note on ethnic segregation studies: implications for empirical research on Japan. Kukan, Shakai, Chiri-shiso (Space, Soc Geogr Thought) 21: 15–27. https://doi.org/10.24544/ocu.20180620-003 (in Japanese)

  • Fukumoto T (2018c) Ethnic segregation studies in Japan: retrospect and prospect. Toshi Chirigaku (Urban Geogr) 13:77–91 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T (2019) The roles and the conditions of facilities for multicultural co-existence in areas densely populated by foreign residents in Japan: a retrospective essay facing the reformation of Immigration Control Act in 2018. Miyazaki Sangyo Keiei Daigaku Kenkyu Kiyo (Rev Miyazaki Rev Miyazaki Sangyo-Keiei University) 29(2):1–30 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukumoto T, Fujimoto M, Enari S, Nagao N (2015) An analysis of attitudes toward non-Japanese residents from the viewpoint of the transformation of collective consumption in an area densely populated by Brazilians in Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture. Chirigaku Hyoron (Geogr Rev Jpn) 88(4):341–362. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.88.341 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanaoka K, Ishikawa Y, Takeshita S (2017) Have destination choices of foreign residents contributed to reducing regional population disparity in Japan? analysis based on the 2010 population census microdata. Popul Space Place 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1975

  • Ishikawa Y (ed) (2011a) Chizu de miru nihon no gaikokujin (Mapping foreign residents in Japan). Nakanishiya Shuppan, Kyoto (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa Y (2011b) Impact of the economic crisis on human mobility in Japan: a preliminary note. Belg J Geogr 2011(3&4):129–147. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.6282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa Y (ed) (2019a) Chizu de miru nihon no gaikokujin: kaitei-han (Mapping foreign residents in Japan: revised edition. Nakanishiya Shuppan, Kyoto (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa Y (2019b) Review of existing literature on ethnic enclaves: focusing on results obtained in the US. Ritsumeikan Chirigaku (J Ritsumeikan Geogr Soc) 31:1–12 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa Y, Takeshita S, Liaw KL, Hanaoka K (2018) Strategic cross-border marriages: an investigation based on the spousal age gaps of foreign-born wives in the US. Kyoto Daigaku Bungakubu Kenkyu Kiyo (Mem Fac Lett Kyoto Univ) 57:135–154 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang W, Yamashita K (2005) Residential concentration of Chinese newcomers in a public apartment complex in the suburbs of Tokyo: a case of Kawaguchi Shibazono danchi in Saitama. Tsukuba Daigaku Jimbun Chirigaku Kenkyu (Tsukuba Stud Hum Geogr) 29:33–58 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kajita T, Tanno K, Higuchi N (2005) Kao no mienai teijuka: nikkei burajirujin to kokka, shijo, imin nettowaku (Invisible residents: Japanese Brazilians vis-à-vis the state, the market and the immigrant network). Nagoya University Press, Nagoya (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka H (2004) The formation, development of ethnic business and local community in Hamamatsu. Keizai Chirigaku Nenpo (Ann Jpn Assoc Econ Geogr) 50(1):1–25. https://doi.org/10.20592/jaeg.50.1_1 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka H (2005) Development of ethnic solidarity based on ethnic businesses: the Brazilian community in Hamamatsu City, Japan. Chirigaku Hyoron (Geogr Rev Jpn) 78(6):387–412. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.78.387 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka H (2013) “Concentrated ethnic towns” and “dispersed/assimilated ethnic towns”: regional disparities in the formation and development of ethnic towns—Case studies of Brazilian residents in Japan. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 65(6):494–507. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.65.6_494 

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka H (2015) Ethnic economy of Brazilian residents in Hamamatsu City. In: Ishikawa Y (ed) International migrants in Japan: contributions in an era of population decline. Kyoto University Press, Kyoto

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y (2016) Functional transformation of Korean businesses in the Okubo District, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo: from the viewpoint of business owners’ ethnic strategy. Chirigaku Hyoron (Geogr Rev Jpn) 89(4):166–182. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.89.166 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knox P, Pinch S (2010) Urban social geography: an introduction, 6th edn. Pearson Prentice Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Korekawa Y (2009) Current situation and causes of foreign residents’ ethnic residential segregation in Japan by dissimilarity index: an analysis from a small-areal data of Japanese census. Jinkogaku Kenkyu (J Popul Stud) 44:1–17. https://doi.org/10.24454/jps.44.0_1 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee LH (2001) Cultural performance, subjectivity and space: Osaka’s Korean festival. Geogr Rev Jpn Ser B 74(1):78–91. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj1984b.74.78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey D, Denton N (1985) Spatial assimilation as a socioeconomic outcome. Am Sociol Rev 50(2):94–106. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikuni K (1999) Migration of Koreans in Japan: a study in Kawasaki-city. Jinkogaku Kenkyu (J Popul Stud) 25:70–73. https://doi.org/10.24454/jps.25.0_70 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narita K (1995) A new viewpoint on the ethnic minorities in the world cities: an investigation of the “zainichi” in Tokyo and Osaka. Keizai Chirigaku Nenpo (Ann Assoc Econ Geogr) 41(4):308–329. https://doi.org/10.20592/jaeg.41.4_308 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oishi T (2008) Recent trends in ethnic geography in Japan. Geogr Rev Jpn 81(5):303–310. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.81.303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawa M (2013) Spatial reorganisation of the Indian community crossing border: a case study of the global city Tokyo. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 65(6):508–526. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.65.6_508 

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawa M, Minamino T (2005) History of Indian community in Kobe: its identities and network. Hyogo Chiri (Geogr Hyogo, Jpn) 50:4–15 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawa M, Minamino T (2007) Emerging of an Indian community in Tokyo: a case study of Nishikasai. Indian Geogr J 82(1):7–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Sekido A (2003) Living circumstances of Brazilian residents in Ota City and Oizumi Town in Gunma Prefecture and its relationship with the region. Eria Gumma (Area Gumma) 9:15–38 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimazu T (1998) Spatial segregation and residential migration of Korean residents in Wakayama City: 1920-1995. Wakayama Chiri (Geogr Wakayama, Jpn) 18:1–20 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura T (2011) Esunikku chirigaku (Ethnic geography). Gakujutsu Shuppankai, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura T (2013) Ethnic town as a place for reproducing ethnicity. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 65(6):464–474. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.65.6_464 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura T (2016) Historical development of San Jose’s Japantown: focusing on its changing spatial arrangements. Kikan Chirigaku (Q J Geogr) 68(2):115–130. https://doi.org/10.5190/tga.68.2_115 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tajima J (1998) Sekai toshi Tokyo no ajiakei ijusha (Asian immigrants in global city Tokyo). Gakubunsha, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahata S (2012) Migrant women in a big city entertainment area: changes brought about by Filipino women in the Sakae-higashi area of Nagoya City. Shakaigaku Hyoron (Jpn Sociol Rev) 62(4):504–520. https://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.62.504 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahata S (2015) From the Philippines to Japan: marriage migrants and the new Nikkei Filipinos. In: Ishikawa Y (ed) International migrants in Japan: contributions in an era of population decline. Kyoto University Press, Kyoto

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahata S (2018) Migrant women in a big city entertainment area: what have Filipino women changed in Sakae-Higashi Area, Naka Ward, Nagoya City, 2002–2016? In: Zulueta JO (ed) Thinking beyond the state: migration, integration, citizenship in Japan and the Philippines. De La Salle University Press, Manila

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahata S (2019) Filipino Nikkei workers in the fish processing industry in Yaizu City, Shizuoka, Japan: focus on the process of migration and employment. Imin Seisaku Kenkyu (Migr Policy Rev) 11:47–59 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeshita S (2000) Kokusai kekkon no shakaigaku (Sociology of intermarriage). Gakubunsha, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeshita S (2004) Kokusai kekkon no shoso (Various aspects of intermarriage). Gakubunsha, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeshita S (2016) Intermarriage and Japanese identity. In: Healy E, Arunachalam D, Mizukami T (eds) Creating social cohesion in an interdependent world. Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright R, Ellis M, Parks V (2005) Replacing whiteness in spatial assimilation research. City & Community 4(2):111–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2005.00107.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita K (1979) A study of Chinese way of life in Yokohama’s Chinatown. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 31(4):321–348. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.31.321 (in Japanese)

  • Yamashita K (1984) A review of urban social geographical research on segregation of ethnic groups. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 36(4):312–326. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.36.312 (in Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita K (2003) Formation and development of Chinatown in Japan: Chinatowns as tourist spots in Yokohama, Kobe and Nagasaki. Geogr Rev Jpn 76(12):910–923. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.76.12_910

  • Yamashita K (2008) Esunikku warudo: sekai to nihon no esunikku shakai (Ethnic landscape: ethnic societies in contemporary world and Japan). Akashi Shoten, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita K (2010) Ikebukuro chaina taun: tonai saidai no shin-kakyogai no jitsuzo ni semaru (Ikebukuro Chinatown: approaching the real image of the largest Xinhua town in Tokyo). Yosensha, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita K (2013) A comparative study of Chinatowns around the world: focusing on the increase in new Chinese immigrants and formation of new Chinatowns. Jimbun Chiri (Jpn J Hum Geogr) 65(6):527–544. https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.65.6_527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita K (2016) Increased and diversified foreign residents: focusing on changes in the new stage of “post-China”. Chiri Kukan (Geogr Spaces) 9(3):249–265. https://doi.org/10.24586/jags.9.3_249 (in Japanese)

  • Yamashita K (2019) Sekai no chaina taun no keisei to hen’yo: firudowaku kara kajin shakai wo tankyu suru (Formation and change of China town in the world: exploring Chinese society through fieldwork). Akashi Shoten, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zelinsky W, Lee BA (1998) Heterolocalism: an alternative model of the sociospatialbehavior of immigrant ethnic communities. Int J Popul Geogr 4(4):281–298. http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1220(199812)4:4<281::AID-IJPG108>3.0.CO;2-O

  • Zhou W (2014) Formation and transformation processes of a Japanese enclave in Shanghai: case study of the Gubei Area. Chirigaku Hyron (Geogr Rev Jpn) 87(3):183–204. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.87.183 (in Japanese)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshitaka Ishikawa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ishikawa, Y. (2021). Introduction. In: Ishikawa, Y. (eds) Ethnic Enclaves in Contemporary Japan. International Perspectives in Geography, vol 14. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6995-5_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics