Abstract
The previous two chapters discussed how the reformist and conservative governments separately imposed their ideological discourse and policies onto the women’s-rights domain and engineered the structure of its policy networks. This chapter studies the national policy networks within the technical domain of environmentalism and shows how the relationships between state and civil society differed across the two periods of study. The structure of policy networks was issue network and the climate of policymaking was competitive, but during the conservative period, the profile and status of the environmentalism changed and the structure shifted to a consistent policy community.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Afrasiabi, K. (2003). The environmental movement in Iran: Perspectives from below and above. Middle East Journal, 57(3), 432–448.
Ahmadi, H. B. (2009). The legal and political policy making of Iran’s government for protecting the environment. Iranian Journal of Danesh Siasi, 1, 93–114.
Amini, F. (2001). The challenges of the environmental NGOs in Iran. In The role and position of NGOs in the national and international spheres (Persian ed., pp. 93–118). Tehran: Iran’s Ministry of Interior.
Aslipur, H., & Sharifzadeh, V. (2015). The environmental policy processes in Iran in the framework of policy making theories. Iranian Journal of Majlis and Rahbord, 22(83), 245–271.
Azghandi, A. (2012). An introduction to the political sociology of Iran. Tehran: Ghumes.
DoE. (2005). Second state of the environment report. Tehran: Department of Environment Publications.
Doyle, T., & Simpson, A. (2006). Traversing more than speed bumps: Green politics under authoritarian regimes in Burma and Iran. Environmental Politics, 15(5), 750–767.
Ebtekar, M. (2009). Iran’s environmental policy in the reform period (1997–2006). International Journal of Environmental Studies, 66(3), 289–296.
Esmaeelifard, M., Liaghati, H., Saee, A., & Malekmohammadi, H. (2017). Challenges of environmental agenda-setting in Iran. Periodical of Natural Periodical, 15(3), 1–18.
Foltz, R. C. (2001). Environmental initiatives in contemporary Iran. Central Asian Survey, 20(2), 155–165.
Goldani, M., & Meybodi, A. (2015). The position of the environment in the development plans of Iran: Concerning seven chosen aspects. The Parliament and Approach, 22(82), 297–336.
Khamenei, A. (2016). Movement for protecting environment. Tehran: The Islamic Revolution Publications.
Lotfian, S., & Fakhrdavoud, S. (2018). The environmental policymaking in Iran: Threats and solutions. The Quarterly of Politics (Persian), 1(Spring), 79–103. Retrieved from https://jpq.ut.ac.ir/article_65177_3d5959a108c3e8b392e4fe3e6d17ed62.pdf.
Mehrabpour, M. (2013, January 19). Retrieved June 2018, from Melli-Mazhabi website: https://melimazhabi.com/maghalat/.
Namazi, B. (2000). Iranian NGOs: Situation Analysis. Tehran: Hamyaran Centre.
Nili, H. (2009, July 21). Environment. Retrieved June 2018, from Khabaronline website: https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/13074/society/environment.
Thaler, D. E., Nader, A., Chubin, S., Green, J. D., Lynch, C., & Wehrey, F. (2010). Mullahs, guards, and bonyads: An exploration of Iranian leadership dynamics. Santa Monica: RAND (National Defence Research Institute).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moheimany, M. (2021). National Environmental Policy Networks: From Competition to Recruitment. In: NGOs, Policy Networks and Political Opportunities in Hybrid Regimes. Studies in Iranian Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6224-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6224-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-33-6223-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-33-6224-6
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)