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Current Scenario of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in West Bengal and Its Mitigation Approach

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Arsenic Toxicity: Challenges and Solutions

Abstract

Arsenic is found in minerals of earth crust in variable concentration throughout different geographical concentration. Leaching of arsenic from earth crust cause groundwater arsenic contamination. It was found in variable organic and inorganic form known as arsenate and arsenite compounds. Groundwater arsenic concentration were very high in Ganga-Meghna and Brahmaputra plain, it was very high in Bangladesh. In 1983 the first report on groundwater arsenic contamination was highlighted. After that many research scientists worked there, but research findings of Dr. Dipankar Chakraborti and Dr. Guha Majumdar have significant contribution in awareness and detection of groundwater arsenic contamination in West Bengal. They have even highlighted effect of groundwater contamination on Public health of West Bengal. West Bengal is severely affected with arsenic contamination and now reports on crop contamination are alarming. According to 2006 reports only 6 districts are arsenic contaminated out of total 18 districts. While according to 2016 reports 9 districts were reported with high level of arsenic contamination in Bengal. Still it was found in new areas. Severe arsenic contaminated districts are Malda, Murshidabad, Nadia, Howrah, Bardhaman, Hoogley, North and South 24 Pargana. Severe health hazards were reported in these districts including skin pigmentation, arsenicosis, peripheral vascular disease, blackfoot disease, skin lesions, and cancer. Many types of mitigation approaches were practiced from last three decades in West Bengal including traditional methods of rainwater harvesting, dug well, deep tube well, and surface water use, but all have limitations and not found very much suitable for rural household uses. Government of West Bengal supplies treated Ganga water in many villages as arsenic remedial measures. Government also puts some deep tube well below 150 m in many villages for providing safe drinking water to rural people at community level. These techniques are very costly and not feasible at household level. Many technologies were tried including oxidation method, coagulation-flocculation method, and adsorption techniques for removal of arsenic from groundwater but they also have some limitations. In current scenario adsorption techniques using oxy hydroxides and iron hydroxides dominate the current market in West Bengal. Use of biological arsenic removal techniques through microbes is advancing scope in development of future arsenic mitigation techniques.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences (Zoology), Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ranjit Kumar & Sunil Kumar

  2. Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India

    Ashok Ghosh

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  1. Ranjit Kumar
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  2. Sunil Kumar
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  3. Ashok Ghosh
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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India

    Nitish Kumar

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Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Ghosh, A. (2021). Current Scenario of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in West Bengal and Its Mitigation Approach. In: Kumar, N. (eds) Arsenic Toxicity: Challenges and Solutions. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6068-6_8

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