Abstract
Arsenic in combination with oxygen, sulphur and hydrogen is highly toxic and even regarded as a xenobiotic compound. Inorganic arsenic has become a global health concern for its easier availability in nature. Most commonly accessible source being groundwater which is being used for drinking as well as irrigation purposes in various parts of the world where it is released due to several geological processes like erosion. It induces toxicity through various mechanisms but in this chapter arsenic induced neurotoxicity is analysed. Cognitive impairment in the nervous system is one of the critical implications of its toxicity which may further lead to various neurological as well as neurodegenerative disorders. The potential neurotoxicity and the mechanisms involved at molecular level with arsenic neurotoxicity are investigated in this chapter which includes cognitive dysfunctions, neurochemical alterations and neurodevelopmental alterations. Arsenic exposure may be toxic for cholinergic and dopaminergic system development which may be the cause for various other adverse effects specifically in perinatal.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aposhian VH, Zakharyan RA, Avram MD, Sampayo-Reyes A, Wollenberg ML (2004) A review of the enzymology of arsenic metabolism and a new potential role of hydrogen peroxide in the detoxication of the trivalent arsenic species. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 198(3):327–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.027
Ashok A, Rai NK, Tripathi S, Bandyopadhyay S (2015) Exposure to As-, Cd-, and Pb-mixture induces Aβ, amyloidogenic APP processing and cognitive impairments via oxidative stress-dependent neuroinflammation in young rats. Toxicol Sci 143:64–80
ATSDR (2007) Toxicological profile for arsenic. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta
Aung KH, Kyi-Tha-Thu C, Sano K, Nakamura K, Tanoue A, Nohara K, Maekawa F (2016) Prenatal exposure to arsenic impairs behavioural flexibility and cortical structure in mice. Front Neurosci 10:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00137
Bardullas U, Limón-Pacheco JH, Giordano M, Carrizales L, Mendoza-Trejo MS, RodrÃguez VM (2009) Chronic low-level arsenic exposure causes gender-specific alterations in locomotor activity, dopaminergic systems, and thioredoxin expression in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 239(2):169–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.004
Bartolomé B, Córdoba S, Nieto S, Fernández-Herrera J, GarcÃa-DÃez A (1999) Acute arsenic poisoning: clinical and histopathological features. Br J Dermatol 141(6):1106–1109. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03213.x
Beckett WS, Moore JL, Keogh JP, Bleecker ML (1986) Acute encephalopathy due to occupational exposure to arsenic. Br J Ind Med 43(1):66–67. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.43.1.66
Bestor TH (2000) The DNA methyltransferases of mammals. Hum Mol Genet 9(16):2395–2402. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/9.16.2395
Blom S, Lagerkvist B, Linderholm H, Scandinavian S (1985) Arsenic exposure to smelter workers: clinical and neurophysiological studies. Scand J Work Environ Health 11(4):265–269
Brinkel J, Khan MH, Kraemer A (2009) A systematic review of arsenic exposure and its social and mental health effects with special reference to Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6(5):1609–1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6051609
Brouwer OF, Onkenhout W, Edelbroek PM, de Kom JFM, de Wolff FA, Peters ACB (1992) Increased neurotoxicity of arsenic in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 94(4):307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(92)90179-7
Buchet JP, Lauwerys R, Roels H (1981) Urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites after repeated ingestion of sodium metaarsenite by volunteers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 48(2):111–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378431
Calatayud M, Barrios JA, Vélez D, Devesa V (2012) In vitro study of transporters involved in intestinal absorption of inorganic arsenic. Chem Res Toxicol 25(2):446–453. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx200491f
Calderón J, Navarro ME, Jimenez-Capdeville ME, Santos-Diaz MA, Golden A, Rodriguez-Leyva I et al (2001) Exposure to arsenic and lead and neuropsychological development in Mexican children. Environ Res 85(2):69–76. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2000.4106
Calì T, Ottolini D, Brini M (2011) Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson’s disease. Biofactors 37(3):228–240. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.159
Campbell JP, Alvarez JA (1989) Acute arsenic intoxication. Am Fam Physician 40(6):93–97
Centeno JA, Mullick FG, Martinez L, Page NP, Gibb H, Longfellow D et al (2002) Pathology related to chronic arsenic exposure. Environ Health Perspect 110:883–886. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s5883
Challenger F (1945) Biological methylation. Chem Rev 36(3):315–361. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60115a003
Chandravanshi LP, Gupta R, Shukla RK (2019) Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity by dysfunctioning cholinergic and dopaminergic system in brain of developing rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 189(1):118–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1452-5
Chen CJ, Wang SL, Chiou JM, Tseng CH, Chiou HY, Hsueh YM et al (2007) Arsenic and diabetes and hypertension in human populations: a review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 222(3):298–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.032
Chen Y, Graziano JH, Parvez F, Liu M, Slavkovich V, Kalra T, Ahsan H (2011) Arsenic exposure from drinking water and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh: prospective cohort study. BMJ 342(7806):2431. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2431
Chhuttani PN, Chopra JS (1979) Arsenic poisoning. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology. North Holland, New York, pp 199–216
Chiou JM, Wang SL, Chen CJ, Deng CR, Lin W, Tai TY (2005) Arsenic ingestion and increased microvascular disease risk: observations from the south-western arseniasis-endemic area in Taiwan. Int J Epidemiol 34(4):936–943. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi108
Cholanians AB, Phan AV, Ditzel EJ, Camenisch TD, Lau SS, Monks TJ (2016) Arsenic induces accumulation of α-synuclein: implications for synucleinopathies and neurodegeneration. Toxicol Sci 153(2):271–281. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfw117
Chou S, Harper C, Ingerman L, Llados F, Colman J, Chappell L, Osier M, Odin M, Sage G (2007) Toxicological profile for arsenic. The Agency Atlanta, Atlanta
Collotta M, Bertazzi PA, Bollati V (2013) Epigenetics and pesticides. Toxicol 307:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.017
Cooper K, Noller B, Connell D, Yu J, Sadler R, Olszowy H et al (2007) Public health risks from heavy metals and metalloids present in traditional Chinese medicines. J Toxicol Environ Health 70(19):1694–1699. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390701434885
Culotta VC, Yang M, O’Halloran TV (2006) Activation of superoxide dismutases: putting the metal to the pedal. Biochim Biophys Acta 1763:747–758
Dieu-Thu Nguyen-Khoa, MD (2015) FACP. Beriberi (Thiamine deficiency). Medscape, Fellow of the American College of Physicians (FACP)
Doherty J, Baehrecke EH (2018) Life, death and autophagy. Nat Cell Biol 20(10):1110–1117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-018-0201-5
Duker AA, Carranza EJM, Hale M (2005) Arsenic geochemistry and health. Environ Int 31(5):631–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.10.020
Dwivedi N, Flora SJS (2011) Concomitant exposure to arsenic and organophosphates on tissue oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 49(5):1152–1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.02.007
Eccleston A et al (2007) Epigenetics. Nature 447(7143):395
Enterline PE, Henderson VL, Marsh GM (1987) Exposure to arsenic and respiratory cancer. A reanalysis. Am J Epidemiol 125:929–938
Ernst E (2002) Heavy metals in traditional Indian remedies. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 57(12):891–896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-001-0400-y
Fängström B, Moore S, Nermell B, Kuensti L, Goessler W, Grandér M et al (2008) Breast-feeding protects against arsenic exposure in Bangladeshi infants. Environ Health Perspect 116(7):963–969. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11094
Farzan SF, Karagas MR, Chen Y (2013) In utero and early life arsenic exposure in relation to long-term health and disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 272:384–390
Felix K, Manna SK, Wise K, Barr J, Ramesh GT (2005) Low levels of arsenite activates nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 in immortalized mesencephalic cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19(2):67–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20062
Finkel T (2011) Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species. J Cell Biol 194(1):7–15. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201102095
Firdaus F, Zafeer MF, Waseem M, Ullah R, Ahmad M, Afzal M (2018) Thymoquinone alleviates arsenic induced hippocampal toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating mPTP in Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 102:1152–1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.159
Flora SJS (2011) Arsenic-induced oxidative stress and its reversibility. Free Radic Biol Med 51(2):257–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.008
Florea AM, Splettstoesser F, Büsselberg D (2007) IP 3 receptor antagonist, 2-APB, attenuates cisplatin induced Ca 2+−influx in HeLa-S3 cells and prevents activation of calpain and induction of apoptosis. Br J Pharmacol 151(8):1176–1186. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0707335
Forman HJ (2016) Redox signaling: an evolution from free radicals to aging. Free Radic Biol Med 97:398–407
GarcÃa-Chávez E, Jiménez I, Segura B, Del Razo LM (2006) Lipid oxidative damage and distribution of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites in the rat nervous system after arsenite exposure: influence of alpha tocopherol supplementation. Neurotoxicology 27(6):1024–1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2006.05.001
Garza-Lombó C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R (2019) Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity: a mechanistic appraisal. J Biol Inorg Chem 24(8):1305–1316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-019-01740-8
Ghariani M, Adrien ML, Raucoules M, Bayle J, Jacomet Y, Grimaud D (1991) Intoxication suraiguë à l’arsenic [Subacute arsenic poisoning]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 10(3):304–307.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(05)80838-x
Gharibzadeh S, Shahabuddin S (2008) Arsenic exposure may be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s mania in a patient with Wilson’s disease awaiting. J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci 20(4):501
Golmohammadi J, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Aliomrani M (2019) Chronic Oral arsenic exposure and its correlation with serum S100B concentration. Biol Trace Elem Res 189(1):172–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1463-2
González-Horta C, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Sánchez-RamÃrez B, Ishida MC, Barrera-Hernández A, Gutiérrez-Torres D et al (2015) A concurrent exposure to arsenic and fluoride from drinking water in Chihuahua, Mexico. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12(5):4587–4601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120504587
Gopalkrishnan A, Rao MV (2006) Amelioration by vitamin A upon arsenic induced metabolic and neurotoxic effects. J Health Sci 52(5):568–577. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.52.568
Grandjean P, Landrigan P (2006) Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. Lancet 368(9553):2167–2178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69665-7
Greenberg SA (1996) Acute demyelinating polyneuropathy with arsenic ingestion. Muscle Nerve 19(12):1611–1613. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199612)19:12<1611::AID-MUS13>3.0.CO;2-U
Greenberg C, Davies S, McGowan T, Schorer A, Drage C (1979) Acute respiratory failure following severe arsenic poisoning. Chest 76(5):596–598. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.76.5.596
Hafeman DM, Ahsan H, Louis ED, Siddique AB, Slavkovich V, Cheng Z, Graziano JH (2005) Association between arsenic exposure and a measure of subclinical sensory neuropathy in Bangladesh. J Occup Environ Med 47(8):778–784. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000169089.54549.db
Hall AH (2002) Chronic arsenic poisoning. Toxicol Lett 128(1–3):69–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00534-3
Halliwell B, Cross CE (1994) Oxygen-derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress. Environ Health Perspect 102:5–12. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102s105
Hamadani JD, Tofail F, Nermell B, Gardner R, Shiraji S, Bottai M et al (2011) Critical windows of exposure for arsenic-associated impairment of cognitive function in pre-school girls and boys: a population-based Cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 40(6):1593–1604. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr176
Hayakawa T, Kobayashi Y, Cui X, Hirano S (2005) A new metabolic pathway of arsenite: arsenic-glutathione complexes are substrates for human arsenic methyltransferase Cyt19. Arch Toxicol 79(4):183–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-004-0620-x
He X, Ma Q (2009) NRF2 cysteine residues are critical for oxidant/electrophile- ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation, and transcription activation. Mol Pharmacol 76(6):1265–1278. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.109.058453
Heaven R, Duncan M, Vukelja SJ (1994) Arsenic intoxication presenting with macrocytosis and peripheral neuropathy, without anemia. Acta Haematol 92:142–143
Heerboth S, Lapinska K, Snyder N, Leary M, Rollinson S, Sarkar S (2014) Use of epigenetic drugs in disease: an overview. Genet Epigenet 1(6):9–19. https://doi.org/10.4137/GeG.s12270
Henke KR (2009) Arsenic in natural environments. In: Arsenic: environmental chemistry, health threats and waste treatment. Wiley, New York. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470741122.ch3
Hertz-Picciotto I, Smith AH (1993) Observations on the dose-response curve for arsenic exposure and lung cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health 19(4):217–226. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1480
Hilmy AM, El-Domiaty NA, Kamal MA, Mohamed MA, Samra WEA (1991) Effect of some arsenic antagonists on the toxicity, distribution and excretion of arsenite and arsenate in rats. Comparat Biochem Physiol 99(3):357–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(91)90256-S
Himeno S (2017) Versatile health effects of arsenic in humans. Chikyu Kankyo 22:81–90
Hirner AV, Rettenmeier AW (2010) Methylated metal(loid) species in humans. Met Ions Life Sci 7:465–521. https://doi.org/10.1039/BK9781847551771-00465
Hong YS, Song KH, Chung JY (2014) Health effects of chronic arsenic exposure. J Prev Med Public Health 47(5):245–252. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.035
Hughes MF, Beck BD, Chen Y, Lewis AS, Thomas DJ (2011) Arsenic exposure and toxicology: a historical perspective. Toxicol Sci 123(2):305–332. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfr184
Ishii N, Mochizuki H, Yamashita M, Yagi K, Shiomi K, Tsuruta K, Nakazato M (2019) Auditory brainstem response analysis for long-term central auditory function sequelae in patients with chronic arsenic intoxication: a cross-sectional study. J Neurol Sci 398:2–3
Itoh T, Zhang YF, Shigeo M, Hiroko S, Hiromichi N, Hiroki M et al (1990) The effect of arsenic trioxide on brain monoamine metabolism and locomotor activity of mice. Toxicol Lett 54(2–3):345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(90)90202-W
Jha S, Dhanuka AK, Singh MN (2002) Arsenic poisoning in a family. Neurol India 50(3):364–365
Jin Y, Xi S, Li X, Lu C, Li G, Xu Y, Sun G (2006) Arsenic speciation transported through the placenta from mother mice to their newborn pups. Environ Res 101(3):349–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.006
Jomova K, Jenisova Z, Feszterova M, Baros S, Liska J, Hudecova D et al (2011) Arsenic: toxicity oxidative stress and human disease. J Appl Toxicol 31(2):95–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1649
Kannan GM, Tripathi N, Dube SN, Gupta M, Flora SJS (2001) Toxic effects of arsenic (III) on some hematopoietic and central nervous system variables in rats and guinea pigs. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 39(7):675–682. https://doi.org/10.1081/CLT-100108508
Kawasaki S, Yazawa S, Ohnishi A, Ohi T (2002) Chronic and predominantly sensory polyneuropathy in Toroku Valley where a mining company produced arsenic. Clin Neurol 42:504–511
Kishi Y, Sasaki H, Yamasaki H, Ogawa K, Nishi M, Nanjo K (2001) An epidemic of arsenic neuropathy from a spiked curry. Neurology 56(10):1417–1418. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.10.1417
Kleefstra T, Schenck A, Kramer JM, Van Bokhoven H (2014) The genetics of cognitive epigenetics. Neuropharmacology 80:83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.025
Kligerman AD, Doerr CL, Tennant AH, Harrington-Brock K, Allen JW, Winkfield E et al (2003) Methylated trivalent arsenicals as candidate ultimate genotoxic forms of arsenic: induction of chromosomal mutations but not gene mutations. Environ Mol Mutagen 42(3):192–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.10192
Krüger K, Straub H, Hirner AV, Hippler J, Binding N, Mußhoff U (2009) Effects of monomethylarsonic and monomethylarsonous acid on evoked synaptic potentials in hippocampal slices of adult and young rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 236(1):115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.025
Lan J, Hua S, He X, Zhang Y (2010) DNA methyltransferases and methyl-binding proteins of mammals. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 42(4):243–252. https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmq015
Lau A, Zheng Y, Tao S, Wang H, Whitman SA, White E, Zhang DD (2013) Arsenic inhibits autophagic flux, activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in a p62-dependent manner. Mol Cell Biol 33(12):2436–2446. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01748-12
Le Quesne PM, McLeod JG (1977) Peripheral neuropathy following a single exposure to arsenic. J Neurol Sci 32(3):437–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(77)90025-9
Lerman BB, Ali N, Green D (1980) Megaloblastic dyserythropoietic anaemia following arsenic ingestion. Ann Clin Lab Sci 10:515–517
Leslie EM, Haimeur A, Waalkes MP (2004) Arsenic transport by the human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1): evidence that a tri-glutathione conjugate is required. J Biol Chem 279(31):32700–32708. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M404912200
Liu J, Waalkes MP (2008) Liver is a target of arsenic carcinogenesis. Toxicol Sci 105(1):24–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn120
Liu Z, Shen J, Carbrey JM, Mukhopadhyay R, Agre P, Rosen BP (2002) Arsenite transport by mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(9):6053–6058. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.092131899
Lu TH, Su CC, Chen YW, Yang CY, Wu CC, Hung DZ et al (2011) Arsenic induces pancreatic β-cell apoptosis via the oxidative stress-regulated mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered signaling pathways. Toxicol Lett 201(1):15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.019
Lubin JH, Pottern LM, Stone BJ, Fraumeni JF (2000) Respiratory cancer in a cohort of copper smelter workers: results from more than 50 years of follow-up. Am J Epidemiol 151(6):554–565. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010243
Lunde G (1977) Occurrence and transformation of arsenic in the marine environment. Environ Health Perspect 19(August):47–52. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.771947
Luo J h, Qiu Z q, Shu W q, Zhang Y y, Zhang L, Chen J a (2009) Effects of arsenic exposure from drinking water on spatial memory, ultra-structures and NMDAR gene expression of hippocampus in rats. Toxicol Lett 184(2):121–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.029
Manthari RK, Tikka C, Ommati MM, Niu R, Sun Z, Wang J et al (2018) Arsenic induces autophagy in developmental mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway: involvement of blood–brain barrier’s tight junction proteins. Arch Toxicol 92(11):3255–3275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-018-2304-y
Mao J, Yang J, Zhang Y, Li T, Wang C, Xu L et al (2016) Arsenic trioxide mediates HAPI microglia inflammatory response and subsequent neuron apoptosis through p38/JNK MAPK/STAT3 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 303:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.003
MartÃnez L, Jiménez V, GarcÃa-Sepúlveda C, Ceballos F, Delgado JM, Niño-Moreno P et al (2011) Impact of early developmental arsenic exposure on promotor CpG-island methylation of genes involved in neuronal plasticity. Neurochem Int 58(5):574–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.020
Mathew L, Vale A, Adcock JE (2010) Arsenical peripheral neuropathy. Pract Neurol 10(1):34–38. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.201830
Matschullat J (2000) Arsenic in the geosphere—a review. Sci Total Environ 249(1–3):297–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00524-0
Mayans MV, Robertson SE, Duclos P (2000) Adverse events monitoring as a routine component of vaccine clinical trials: evidence from the WHO vaccine trial registry. Bull World Health Organ 78:1167
Mazumdar M (2017) Does arsenic increase the risk of neural tube defects among a highly exposed population? A new case–control study in Bangladesh. Birth Defects Res 109:92–98
McCarty KM, Hanh HT, Kim K-W (2011) Arsenic geochemistry and human health in South East Asia. Rev Environ Health 26:71–78
McDermott S, Bao W, Aelion CM, Cai B, Lawson A (2012) When are fetuses and young children most susceptible to soil metal concentrations of arsenic, lead, and mercury? Spat Spatio-temporal Epidemiol 3:265–272
Milton AH, Hussain S, Akter S, Rahman M, Mouly TA, Mitchell K (2017) A review of the effects of chronic arsenic exposure on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(6):556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060556
Mochizuki H, Yagi K, Tsuruta K, Taniguchi A, Ishii N, Shiomi K, Nakazato M (2016) Prolonged central sensory conduction time in patients with chronic arsenic exposure. J Neurol Sci 361:39–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.020
Mochizuki H, Phyu KP, Aung MN, Zin PW, Yano Y, Myint MZ et al (2019) Peripheral neuropathy induced by drinking water contaminated with low-dose arsenic in Myanmar. Environ Health Prev Med 24(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-019-0781-0
Mohammed Abdul KS, Jayasinghe SS, Chandana EPS, Jayasumana C, De Silva PMCS (2015) Arsenic and human health effects: A review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 40(3):828–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2015.09.016
Mukherjee A, Sengupta MK, Hossain MA, Ahamed S, Das B, Nayak B et al (2006) Arsenic contamination in groundwater: a global perspective with emphasis on the Asian scenario. J Health Popul Nutr 24(2):142–163. https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v24i2.727
Mundey MK, Roy M, Roy S, Awasthi MK, Sharma R (2013) Antioxidant potential of Ocimum sanctum in arsenic induced nervous tissue damage. Braz.J. Vet Pathol 6:95–101
Nagaraja TN, Desiraju T (1994) Effects on operant learning and brain acetylcholine esterase activity in rats following chronic inorganic arsenic intake. Hum Exp Toxicol 13(5):353–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/096032719401300511
Namgung U, Xia Z (2001) Arsenic induces apoptosis in rat cerebellar neurons via activation of JNK3 and p38 MAP kinases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 174(2):130–138. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9200
Nanney DL (1958) Epigenetic control systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 44:712–717
Nelson-Mora J, Escobar ML, RodrÃguez-Durán L, Massieu L, Montiel T, RodrÃguez VM, Gonsebatt ME (2018) Gestational exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs3+) alters glutamate disposition in the mouse hippocampus and ionotropic glutamate receptor expression leading to memory impairment. Arch Toxicol 92(3):1037–1048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-017-2111-x
Nino SA, Martel-Gallegos G, Castro-Zavala A, Ortega-Berlanga B, Delgado JM, Hernández-Mendoza H, Zarazúa S (2018) Chronic arsenic exposure increases Aβ(1-42) production and receptor for advanced glycation end products expression in rat brain. Chem Res Toxicol 31(1):13–21. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00215
O’Bryant SE, Edwards M, Menon CV, Gong G, Barber R (2011) Long-term low-level arsenic exposure is associated with poorer neuropsychological functioning: a project frontier study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 8(3):861–874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8030861
Olsen LF, Issinger OG, Guerra B (2013) The Yin and Yang of redox regulation. Redox Rep 18(6):245–252. https://doi.org/10.1179/1351000213Y.0000000059
Onishi H, Sandell EB (1955) The present paper supplies data on the arsenic content of igneous , sedimentary , and metamorphic rocks , and of meteorites , to supplement the rather scanty available data , especially for the common rocks . An attempt is made to trace the distribution. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 7(1934):1–33
Opresko DM, Sample BE, Suter GW (1993) Toxicological bench marks for wildlife. Health Environ Res 1:1396473
Pandey R, Rai V, Mishra J, Mandrah K, Kumar Roy S, Bandyopadhyay S (2017) Toxicol Sci 159:137–158
Parvez F, Wasserman GA, Factor-Litvak P, Liu X, Slavkovich V, Siddique AB et al (2011) Arsenic exposure and motor function among children in Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect 119(11):1665–1670. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103548
Patlolla AK, Tchounwou PB (2005) Serum acetyl cholinesterase as a biomarker of arsenic induced neurotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2(1):80–83. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005010080
Paul S, Das N, Bhattacharjee P, Banerjee M, Das JK, Sarma N et al (2013) Arsenic-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity: A two-wave cross-sectional study in arsenicosis individuals in West Bengal, India. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 23(2):156–162. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2012.91
Perriol MP, Devos D, Hurtevent JF, Tiffreau V, Saulnier F, Destee A, Defebvre L (2006) Un cas de neuropathie mimant un syndrome de Guillain-Barré après une intoxication à l’arsenic. Rev Neurol 162(3):374–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-3787(06)75025-1
Piao F, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Murata M, Oikawa S, Cheng F et al (2005) Oxidative DNA damage in relation to neurotoxicity in the brain of mice exposed to arsenic at environmentally relevant levels. J Occup Health 47(5):445–449. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.47.445
Prakash C, Soni M, Kumar V (2016) Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: a review. J Appl Toxicol 36(2):179–188. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3256
Quansah R, Armah FA, Essumang DK, Luginaah I, Clarke E, Marfoh K et al (2015) Association of arsenic with adverse pregnancy outcomes/infant mortality. Environ Health Perspect 123(5):412–422. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307894
Rahman MM, Chowdhury UK, Mukherjee SC, Mondal BK, Paul K, Lodh D, Chakraborti D (2001) Chronic arsenic toxicity in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India—a review and commentary. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 39(7):683–700. https://doi.org/10.1081/CLT-100108509
Rahman A, Vahter M, Smith AH, Nermell B, Yunus M, El Arifeen S, Ekström EC (2009) Arsenic exposure during pregnancy and size at birth: a prospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Am J Epidemiol 169(3):304–312. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn332
Rahman A, Persson LÅ, Nermell B, El Arifeen S, Ekström EC, Smith AH, Vahter M (2010) Arsenic exposure and risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and infant mortality. Epidemiology 21(6):797–804. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181f56a0d
Rahman A, Kumarathasan P, Gomes J (2016) Infant and mother related outcomes from exposure to metals with endocrine disrupting properties during pregnancy. Sci Total Environ 570:1022–1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.134
Ramos-Chávez LA, Rendón-López CRR, Zepeda A, Silva-Adaya D, Del Razo LM, Gonsebatt ME (2015) Neurological effects of inorganic arsenic exposure: altered cysteine/glutamate transport, NMDA expression and spatial memory impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 9:21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00021
Ratnaike RN (2003) Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity. Postgrad Med J 79(933):391–396. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.79.933.391
Ravenscroft P, Brammer H, Richards K (2009) Arsenic pollution—a global synthesis. Wiley, Oxford
Reczek CR, Chandel NS (2015) ROS-dependent signal transduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 33:8–13
Reichard JF, Puga A (2010) Effects of arsenic exposure on DNA methylation and epigenetic gene regulation. Epigenomics 2:87–104
Ren X, Mchale CM, Skibola CF, Smith AH, Smith MT, Zhang L (2011) An emerging role for epigenetic dysregulation in arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 119(1):11–19. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002114
RodrÃguez VM, Carrizales L, Mendoza MS, Fajardo OR, Giordano M (2002) Effects of sodium arsenite exposure on development and behaviour in the rat. Neurotoxicol Teratol 24(6):743–750
RodrÃguez VM, Jiménez-Capdeville ME, Giordano M (2003) The effects of arsenic exposure on the nervous system. Toxicol Lett 145(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00262-5
RodrÃguez, V. M., Del Razo, L. M., Limón-Pacheco, J. H., Giordano, M., Sánchez-Peña, L. C., Uribe-Querol, E., … Gonsebatt, M. E. (2005). Glutathione reductase inhibition and methylated arsenic distribution in Cd1 mice brain and liver. Toxicol Sci, 84(1), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfi057
Rojas D, Rager JE, Smeester L, Bailey KA, Drobná Z, Rubio-Andrade M, Fry RC (2015) Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: identifying sites of 5-methylcytosine alterations that predict functional changes in gene expression in newborn cord blood and subsequent birth outcomes. Toxicol Sci 143(1):97–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfu210
Rosado JL, Ronquillo D, Kordas K, Rojas O, Alatorre J, Lopez P, Stoltzfus RJ (2007) Arsenic exposure and cognitive performance in Mexican school children. Environ Health Perspect 115(9):1371–1375. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9961
Rudenko A, Tsai LH (2014) Epigenetic modifications in the nervous system and their impact upon cognitive impairments. Neuropharmacology 80:70–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.043
Rudge CV, Röllin HB, Nogueira CM, Thomassen Y, Rudge MC, Odland JO (2009) The placenta as a barrier for toxic and essential elements in paired maternal and cord blood samples of South African delivering women. J Environ Monit 11(7):1322–1330. https://doi.org/10.1039/b903805a
Samikkannu T, Chen CH, Yih LH, Wang ASS, Lin SY, Chen TC, Jan KY (2003) Reactive oxygen species are involved in arsenic trioxide inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Chem Res Toxicol 16(3):409–414. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx025615j
Sánchez-Peña LC, Petrosyan P, Morales M, González NB, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Del Razo LM, Gonsebatt ME (2010) Arsenic species, AS3MT amount, and AS3MT gene expression in different brain regions of mouse exposed to arsenite. Environ Res 110(5):428–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.01.007
Sanders AP, Desrosiers TA, Warren JL, Herring AH, Enright D, Olshan AF et al (2014) Association between arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead levels in private wells and birth defects prevalence in North Carolina: a semi-ecologic study. BMC Public Health 14(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-955
Sattar A, Xie S, Hafeez MA, Wang X, Hussain HI, Iqbal Z et al (2016) Metabolism and toxicity of arsenicals in mammals. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 48:214–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.020
Schiller CM, Fowler BA, Woods JS (1977) Effects of arsenic on pyruvate dehydrogenase activation. Environ Health Perspect 19(August):205–207. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7719205
Schoolmeester WL, White DR (1980) Arsenic poisoning. South Med J 73:198–208
Schrader M, Fahimi HD (2006) Peroxisomes and oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta, Mol Cell Res 1763(12):1755–1766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.09.006
Shila S, Subathra M, Devi MA, Panneerselvam C (2005) Arsenic intoxication-induced reduction of glutathione level and of the activity of related enzymes in rat brain regions: reversal by DL-α-lipoic acid. Arch Toxicol 79(3):140–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-004-0614-8
Shukalek CB, Swanlund DP, Rousseau RK, Weigl KE, Marensi V, Cole SPC, Leslie EM (2016) Arsenic triglutathione [as(GS)3] transport by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is selectively modified by phosphorylation of Tyr920/Ser921 and glycosylation of Asn19/Asn23. Mol Pharmacol 90(2):127–139. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.116.103648
Singh AP, Goel RK, Kaur T (2011) Mechanisms pertaining to arsenic toxicity. Toxicol Int 18(2):87–93. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6580.84258
Smith AH, Marshall G, Liaw J, Yuan Y, Ferreccio C, Steinmaus C (2012) Mortality in young adults following in utero and childhood exposure to arsenic in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 120(11):1527–1531. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104867
Stenehjem AE, Vahter M, Nermell B, Aasen J, Lierhagen S, Mørland J, Jacobsen D (2007) Slow recovery from severe inorganic arsenic poisoning despite treatment with DMSA (2.3-dimercaptosuccinic acid). Clin Toxicol 45(4):424–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650701232489
Szinicz L, Forth W (1988) Effect of As2O3 on gluconeogenesis. Arch Toxicol 61:444–449
Tamaki S, Frankenberger WT (1992) Environmental biochemistry of arsenic. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 124:79–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2864-6_4
Tolins M, Ruchirawat M, Landrigan P (2014) The developmental neurotoxicity of arsenic: cognitive and behavioural consequences of early life exposure. Ann Glob Health 80(4):303–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2014.09.005
Torres-Avila M, Leal-Galicia P, Sánchez-Peña LC, Del Razo LM, Gonsebatt ME (2010) Arsenite induces aquaglyceroporin 9 expression in murine livers. Environ Res 110(5):443–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.009
Tripathi N, Kannan GM, Pant BP, Jaiswal DK, Malhotra PR, Flora SJS (1997) Arsenic-induced changes in certain neurotransmitter levels and their recoveries following chelation in rat whole brain. Toxicol Lett 92(3):201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(97)00058-1
Tseng HP, Wang YH, Wu MM, The HW, Chiou HY, Chen CJ (2006) Association between chronic exposure to arsenic and slow nerve conduction velocity among adolescents in Taiwan. J Health Popul Nutr 24(2):182–189
Tsuji JS, Chang ET, Gentry PR, Clewell HJ, Boffetta P, Cohen SM (2019) Dose-response for assessing the cancer risk of inorganic arsenic in drinking water: the scientific basis for use of a threshold approach. Crit Rev Toxicol 49(1):36–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2019.1573804
Tyler CR, Allan AM (2014) The effects of arsenic exposure on neurological and cognitive dysfunction in human and rodent studies: a review. Curr Environ Health Rep 1(2):132–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-014-0012-1
Vahidnia A, Romijn F, Tiller M, Van Der Voet GB, De Wolff FA (2006) Arsenic-induced toxicity: effect on protein composition in sciatic nerve. Hum Exp Toxicol 25(11):667–674. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327106070671
Vahidnia A, Van Der Voet GB, De Wolff FA (2007) Arsenic neurotoxicity—a review. Hum Exp Toxicol 26(10):823–832. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327107084539
Vahidnia A, Romijn F, van der Voet GB, de Wolff FA (2008) Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in relation to toxicokinetics: effects on sciatic nerve proteins. Chem Biol Interact 176(2–3):188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.07.001
Vahter M (2008) Health effects of early life exposure to arsenic. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 102(2):204–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00168.x
Vahter M, Concha G (2001) Role of metabolism in arsenic toxicity. Pharmacol Toxicol 89(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.d01-128.x
Vantroyen B, Heilier JF, Meulemans A, Michels A, Buchet JP, Vanderschueren S et al (2004) Survival after a lethal dose of arsenic trioxide. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 42(6):889–895. https://doi.org/10.1081/CLT-200035344
Vibol S, Hashim JH, Sarmani S (2015) Neurobehavioural effects of arsenic exposure among secondary school children in the Kandal Province, Cambodia. Environ Res 137:329–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.001
Wasserman GA, Liu X, LoIacono NJ, Kline J, Factor-Litvak P, Van Geen A et al (2014) A cross-sectional study of well water arsenic and child IQ in Maine schoolchildren. Environ Health 13(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-23
Watanabe T, Hirano S (2013) Metabolism of arsenic and its toxicological relevance. Arch Toxicol 87(6):969–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0904-5
Willhite CC, Ferm VH (1984) Prenatal and developmental toxicology of arsenicals. Adv Exp Med Biol 177:205–228
Würstle ML, Laussmann MA, Rehm M (2012) The central role of initiator caspase-9 in apoptosis signal transduction and the regulation of its activation and activity on the apoptosome. Exp Cell Res 318(11):1213–1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.013
Yang YW, Liou SH, Hsueh YM, Lyu WS, Liu CS, Liu HJ et al (2018) Risk of Alzheimer’s disease with metal concentrations in whole blood and urine: a case–control study using propensity score matching. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 356:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.015
Yen CC, Ho TJ, Wu CC, Chang CF, Su CC, Chen YW et al (2011) Inorganic arsenic causes cell apoptosis in mouse cerebrum through an oxidative stress-regulated signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 85(6):565–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0709-y
Yip SF, Yeung YM, Tsui EYK (2002) Severe neurotoxicity following arsenic therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia: Potentiation by thiamine deficiency. Blood 99:3481–3482. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2001-12-0325
Yoshida T, Yamauchi H, Fan Sun G (2004) Chronic health effects in people exposed to arsenic via the drinking water: dose-response relationships in review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 198(3):243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.022
Yoshino Y, Yuan B, Kaise T, Takeichi M, Tanaka S, Hirano T, Kroetz DL, Toyoda H (2011) Vitisin B, a resveratrol tetramer, inhibits migration through inhibition of PDGF signaling and enhancement of cell adhesiveness in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 257:198–208
Yuan T, Zhang H, Chen B, Zhang H, Tao S (2018) Association between lung cancer risk and inorganic arsenic concentration in drinking water: a dose-response meta-analysis. Toxicol Res 7(6):1257–1266. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tx00177d
Zamora PL, Rockenbauer A, Villamena FA (2014) Radical model of arsenic(III) toxicity: theoretical and EPR spin trapping studies. Chem Res Toxicol 27(5):765–774. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx4004227
Acknowledgement
The author acknowledges Dr. Jawaid Ahsan for his support and guidance for writing this chapter, and Dr. Nitish Kumar for his valuable comments and suggestions. The first author Anushree is a PhD student and received a fellowship from the Central University of South Bihar (CUSB), Gaya and University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Anushree, Ahsan, J. (2021). Effects of Arsenic: Neurological and Cellular Perspective. In: Kumar, N. (eds) Arsenic Toxicity: Challenges and Solutions. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6068-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6068-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-33-6067-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-33-6068-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)